Question 1

Which of the following chronic complications is associated with diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

A) Dizziness, dyspnea on exertion, and angina 
B) Retinopathy, neuropathy, and coronary artery disease 
C) Leg ulcers, cerebral ischemic events, and pulmonary infarcts 
D) Fatigue, nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness, and cardiac arrhythmias 
A) Dizziness, dyspnea on exertion, and angina 
B) Retinopathy, neuropathy, and coronary artery disease 
C) Leg ulcers, cerebral ischemic events, and pulmonary infarcts 
D) Fatigue, nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness, and cardiac arrhythmias B

Question 2

Situation: Jenny, 43 years old, has consulted her family physician because she has been experiencing chest pains, intolerance to heat, nervousness, dizziness, frequent headaches, and palpitations during the past three months. The doctor diagnosed her with pheochromocytoma. Diagnostic tests for Jenny would reveal:

Accepted Answer

A) Elevated vanillylmandelic acid (VM
A)  
B) Hypoglycemia 
C) Hypercalcemia 
D) Deficient epinephrine levels 
A) Elevated vanillylmandelic acid (VM
A)  
B) Hypoglycemia 
C) Hypercalcemia 
D) Deficient epinephrine levels A

Question 3

Keller is an elderly client with dry flaky skin and activity intolerance secondary to myxedema. She was admitted to the progressive care unit to improve her activity intolerance and gain independence in self-care. For hygiene care the nursing order is two total baths per week on Saturday and Wednesday, with partial baths on the remaining days of the week. Which of the following would be the desired outcome of this intervention?

Accepted Answer

A) Client is able to sleep through the night and stay awake most of the day. 
B) Gradual increase in ambulation ability over the first month. 
C) Increased energy by the end of the first week of paced rest and activity. 
D) Intact elastic moist warm skin by the end of first week. 
A) Client is able to sleep through the night and stay awake most of the day. 
B) Gradual increase in ambulation ability over the first month. 
C) Increased energy by the end of the first week of paced rest and activity. 
D) Intact elastic moist warm skin by the end of first week. D

Question 4

JMM has been diagnosed with Hashimoto's disease, an autoimmune disorder. Which of the following signs and symptoms were most probably exhibited by the client that led to the diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Increased appetite, weight loss, hyperdefecation 
B) Increased urination, weight loss, increased thirst 
C) Decreased appetite, weight gain, constipation 
D) Increased urination, weight gain, and purplish red striae 
A) Increased appetite, weight loss, hyperdefecation 
B) Increased urination, weight loss, increased thirst 
C) Decreased appetite, weight gain, constipation 
D) Increased urination, weight gain, and purplish red striae

Question 5

The non-insulin-dependent diabetic who is obese is best controlled by weight loss because obesity:

Accepted Answer

A) Reduces the number of insulin receptors 
B) Causes pancreatic islet cell exhaustion 
C) Reduces insulin binding at receptor sites 
D) Reduces pancreatic insulin production 
A) Reduces the number of insulin receptors 
B) Causes pancreatic islet cell exhaustion 
C) Reduces insulin binding at receptor sites 
D) Reduces pancreatic insulin production

Question 6

The nurse in a day clinic is reviewing the laboratory results of clients who were examined for a possible diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Which of the following individuals would the nurse believe to be diagnosed with diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

A) Jack, 30 years old, with a fasting plasma glucose of 126 mg/dL 
B) Penelope, 42 years old, with a random plasma glucose above 200 mg/dL and symptoms of diabetes 
C) Cynthia, 25 years old, with a random plasma glucose less than 140 mg/dL 
D) David, 51 years old, with a fasting plasma glucose between 110 mg/dL and 125 mg/dL 
A) Jack, 30 years old, with a fasting plasma glucose of 126 mg/dL 
B) Penelope, 42 years old, with a random plasma glucose above 200 mg/dL and symptoms of diabetes 
C) Cynthia, 25 years old, with a random plasma glucose less than 140 mg/dL 
D) David, 51 years old, with a fasting plasma glucose between 110 mg/dL and 125 mg/dL

Question 7

The client is admitted with metabolic acidosis secondary to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Understanding metabolic acidosis, the nurse should choose which of the following as the priority nursing diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Decreased urinary elimination related to reduced output and muscle function. 
B) Decreased cardiac output related to fluid and electrolyte imbalance. 
C) Ineffective breathing pattern related to hyperventilation. 
D) Anxiety related to fears of long-term outcomes and discomfort. 
A) Decreased urinary elimination related to reduced output and muscle function. 
B) Decreased cardiac output related to fluid and electrolyte imbalance. 
C) Ineffective breathing pattern related to hyperventilation. 
D) Anxiety related to fears of long-term outcomes and discomfort.

Question 8

Which of the following nursing considerations must be taken into account for a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus on the morning of surgery?

Accepted Answer

A) The client should take half of his usual daily insulin. 
B) The client should receive an oral antidiabetic agent. 
C) The client should receive an I.V. insulin infusion. 
D) The client should take his full daily insulin dose with no dextrose infusion. 
A) The client should take half of his usual daily insulin. 
B) The client should receive an oral antidiabetic agent. 
C) The client should receive an I.V. insulin infusion. 
D) The client should take his full daily insulin dose with no dextrose infusion.

Question 9

Matilda, 33 years old, was diagnosed with primary hypothyroidism. The doctor prescribed levothyroxine (Synthroid). Which statement should be included in the client education?

Accepted Answer

A) "You will need to take this medication until your symptoms are gone. Then your dose will be tapered off and discontinued." 
B) "Symptoms such as tremors, nervousness, and insomnia may indicate that your dose is too high." 
C) "You should begin to see your symptoms improve immediately after starting your medication." 
D) "The reason for taking the drug is because the thyroid gland produces too much thyroxine." 
A) "You will need to take this medication until your symptoms are gone. Then your dose will be tapered off and discontinued." 
B) "Symptoms such as tremors, nervousness, and insomnia may indicate that your dose is too high." 
C) "You should begin to see your symptoms improve immediately after starting your medication." 
D) "The reason for taking the drug is because the thyroid gland produces too much thyroxine."

Question 10

The client with Addison's disease is ordered glucocorticoid therapy. Which of the following statements indicates that the client has a correct understanding of the medication regimen?

Accepted Answer

A) "Dosage adjustments in my medication dosages may be needed." 
B) "On days I feel good, I will not need to take the medication." 
C) ""I will adjust my dosages based on my home blood glucose test results." 
D) "I am on an every-other-day dosing regimen." 
A) "Dosage adjustments in my medication dosages may be needed." 
B) "On days I feel good, I will not need to take the medication." 
C) ""I will adjust my dosages based on my home blood glucose test results." 
D) "I am on an every-other-day dosing regimen."

Question 11

For which complication of thyroidectomy would the nurse monitor?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypercalcemia 
B) Respiratory obstruction 
C) Elevated serum T4 
D) Paralytic ileus 
A) Hypercalcemia 
B) Respiratory obstruction 
C) Elevated serum T4 
D) Paralytic ileus

Question 12

Diaz, a 56-year-old candle maker, developed diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and is given intravenous normal saline infusion and regular insulin. In addition to hourly blood glucose monitoring, what assessment data are early signs of clinical improvement?

Accepted Answer

A) Respiratory rate of 12 to 15 and normal BP in the standing position 
B) Temperature and pulse in normal range 
C) Improved level of consciousness and decreasing urine output 
D) Client eats a full meal and respiratory rate is normal 
A) Respiratory rate of 12 to 15 and normal BP in the standing position 
B) Temperature and pulse in normal range 
C) Improved level of consciousness and decreasing urine output 
D) Client eats a full meal and respiratory rate is normal

Question 13

Marcus Pinel, 43-years-old, is brought back to the nursing unit following a thyroidectomy. Which of the following methods should the nurse use to assess for bleeding?

Accepted Answer

A) Inspect the dressing for signs of hemorrhage 
B) Change the dressing applied in the operating room 
C) Check the latest hemoglobin to determine if there has been a drop in value 
D) Palpate the back of the neck and shoulders for evidence of bleeding 
A) Inspect the dressing for signs of hemorrhage 
B) Change the dressing applied in the operating room 
C) Check the latest hemoglobin to determine if there has been a drop in value 
D) Palpate the back of the neck and shoulders for evidence of bleeding

Question 14

The nurse is teaching Mrs. Jones, a known diabetic, to monitor her blood glucose using a glucometer. The nurse will know that Mrs. Jones is competent in performing her finger-stick to obtain blood when she:

Accepted Answer

A) Uses the ball of a finger as the puncture site 
B) Uses the side of a fingertip as the puncture site 
C) Avoids using the fingers of her dominant hand as puncture sites 
D) Avoids using the thumbs as puncture sites 
A) Uses the ball of a finger as the puncture site 
B) Uses the side of a fingertip as the puncture site 
C) Avoids using the fingers of her dominant hand as puncture sites 
D) Avoids using the thumbs as puncture sites

Question 15

A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Because the client is at risk for hypoglycemia, the nurse teaches the client which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Glucose tablets and subcutaneous glucagon should be made available. 
B) If the client is exercising, the evening dose of NPH insulin can be discontinued. 
C) Urine should be monitored for presence of acetone. 
D) Assess for signs of coma and drowsiness. 
A) Glucose tablets and subcutaneous glucagon should be made available. 
B) If the client is exercising, the evening dose of NPH insulin can be discontinued. 
C) Urine should be monitored for presence of acetone. 
D) Assess for signs of coma and drowsiness.

Question 16

Davidson is 8 hours post partial thyroidectomy for Grave's disease. What is the best documentation by the nurse of evaluation outcome criteria for the nursing diagnosis risk for effective airway clearance?

Accepted Answer

A) Dressing is clean dry and intact, pain minimal and controlled, alert, and oriented 
B) Vital signs stable; client supports neck with hand during change of position 
C) No tracheal stridor, speaks clearly, and denies numbness or tingling 
D) Balanced intake and output, vital signs stable, and alert and oriented 
A) Dressing is clean dry and intact, pain minimal and controlled, alert, and oriented 
B) Vital signs stable; client supports neck with hand during change of position 
C) No tracheal stridor, speaks clearly, and denies numbness or tingling 
D) Balanced intake and output, vital signs stable, and alert and oriented

Question 17

The nurse knows that acetonuria develops in diabetes due to:

Accepted Answer

A) Excessive oxidation of fatty acids for energy, which increases ketones in glomerular filtrate 
B) Osmotic dieresis and accompanying elevation in serum glucose levels, which decreases exchange of electrolytes in renal tubules 
C) Failure of sodium-hydrogen ion exchange mechanism in the renal tubules to secrete excess hydrogen ions 
D) Increased volatile H+ ions and decreased nonvolatile H+ ions in the glomerular filtrate 
A) Excessive oxidation of fatty acids for energy, which increases ketones in glomerular filtrate 
B) Osmotic dieresis and accompanying elevation in serum glucose levels, which decreases exchange of electrolytes in renal tubules 
C) Failure of sodium-hydrogen ion exchange mechanism in the renal tubules to secrete excess hydrogen ions 
D) Increased volatile H+ ions and decreased nonvolatile H+ ions in the glomerular filtrate

Question 18

Daniels, a 55-year-old mechanic, was diagnosed with adult-onset diabetes. The nurse will know that Mr. Daniels understand the symptoms of a hyperglycemic reaction if he verbalizes:

Accepted Answer

A) "I will experience thirst, always going to the bathroom to pee, and will also have decreased appetite." 
B) "I may feel flushed cheeks, will have acetone breath, and increased thirst." 
C) "I may experience nausea, even vomiting, and some episodes of diarrhea." 
D) "I will experience weight gain, a normal breath, and constant thirst." 
A) "I will experience thirst, always going to the bathroom to pee, and will also have decreased appetite." 
B) "I may feel flushed cheeks, will have acetone breath, and increased thirst." 
C) "I may experience nausea, even vomiting, and some episodes of diarrhea." 
D) "I will experience weight gain, a normal breath, and constant thirst."

Question 19

Ricky, age 18, is admitted with a decreased level of consciousness secondary to a closed head injury resulting from a fall while roller-skating. His urine output is 500cc from 6 AM to 11 AM, 1,000cc from 11 AM to 2 PM, and 350cc from 2 PM to 3 PM. Which of the following actions by the nurse is appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A) Realize that this is normal urine output and continue to monitor Ricky 
B) Encourage Ricky to drink 8 to 10 glasses of fluid daily 
C) Check the urine specific gravity and report any abnormality as well as the urine output 
D) Decrease the IV rate from 100cc/hr to 25cc/hr, suspecting fluid excess 
A) Realize that this is normal urine output and continue to monitor Ricky 
B) Encourage Ricky to drink 8 to 10 glasses of fluid daily 
C) Check the urine specific gravity and report any abnormality as well as the urine output 
D) Decrease the IV rate from 100cc/hr to 25cc/hr, suspecting fluid excess

Question 20

Situation: Jenny, 43 years old, has consulted her family physician because she has been experiencing chest pains, intolerance to heat, nervousness, dizziness, frequent headaches, and palpitations during the past three months. The doctor diagnosed her with pheochromocytoma. Jenny asked the nurse what her condition is all about. The nurse explains that:

Accepted Answer

A) It is caused by a benign tumor in the adrenal gland. 
B) Her signs and symptoms are primarily caused by thyroid gland hyperactivity. 
C) She has excess hormones. 
D) Her adrenal gland is producing an insufficient amount of hormones. 
A) It is caused by a benign tumor in the adrenal gland. 
B) Her signs and symptoms are primarily caused by thyroid gland hyperactivity. 
C) She has excess hormones. 
D) Her adrenal gland is producing an insufficient amount of hormones.

Which of the following chronic complications is associated with diabetes mellitus?

JMM has been diagnosed with Hashimoto's disease, an autoimmune disorder. Which of the following signs and symptoms were most probably exhibited by the client that led to the diagnosis?

The non-insulin-dependent diabetic who is obese is best controlled by weight loss because obesity:

The nurse in a day clinic is reviewing the laboratory results of clients who were examined for a possible diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Which of the following individuals would the nurse believe to be diagnosed with diabetes mellitus?

The client is admitted with metabolic acidosis secondary to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Understanding metabolic acidosis, the nurse should choose which of the following as the priority nursing diagnosis?

Which of the following nursing considerations must be taken into account for a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus on the morning of surgery?

Matilda, 33 years old, was diagnosed with primary hypothyroidism. The doctor prescribed levothyroxine (Synthroid). Which statement should be included in the client education?

The client with Addison's disease is ordered glucocorticoid therapy. Which of the following statements indicates that the client has a correct understanding of the medication regimen?

For which complication of thyroidectomy would the nurse monitor?

Diaz, a 56-year-old candle maker, developed diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and is given intravenous normal saline infusion and regular insulin. In addition to hourly blood glucose monitoring, what assessment data are early signs of clinical improvement?

Marcus Pinel, 43-years-old, is brought back to the nursing unit following a thyroidectomy. Which of the following methods should the nurse use to assess for bleeding?

The nurse is teaching Mrs. Jones, a known diabetic, to monitor her blood glucose using a glucometer. The nurse will know that Mrs. Jones is competent in performing her finger-stick to obtain blood when she:

A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Because the client is at risk for hypoglycemia, the nurse teaches the client which of the following?

Davidson is 8 hours post partial thyroidectomy for Grave's disease. What is the best documentation by the nurse of evaluation outcome criteria for the nursing diagnosis risk for effective airway clearance?

The nurse knows that acetonuria develops in diabetes due to:

Daniels, a 55-year-old mechanic, was diagnosed with adult-onset diabetes. The nurse will know that Mr. Daniels understand the symptoms of a hyperglycemic reaction if he verbalizes:

Cardiovascular

Gastrointestinal

Genitourinary

Hematological

Neuro-Muscular

Pulmonary

Filters

Exam 2: Endocrine

Which of the following chronic complications is associated with diabetes mellitus?

JMM has been diagnosed with Hashimoto's disease, an autoimmune disorder. Which of the following signs and symptoms were most probably exhibited by the client that led to the diagnosis?

The non-insulin-dependent diabetic who is obese is best controlled by weight loss because obesity:

The nurse in a day clinic is reviewing the laboratory results of clients who were examined for a possible diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Which of the following individuals would the nurse believe to be diagnosed with diabetes mellitus?

The client is admitted with metabolic acidosis secondary to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Understanding metabolic acidosis, the nurse should choose which of the following as the priority nursing diagnosis?

Which of the following nursing considerations must be taken into account for a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus on the morning of surgery?

Matilda, 33 years old, was diagnosed with primary hypothyroidism. The doctor prescribed levothyroxine (Synthroid). Which statement should be included in the client education?

The client with Addison's disease is ordered glucocorticoid therapy. Which of the following statements indicates that the client has a correct understanding of the medication regimen?

For which complication of thyroidectomy would the nurse monitor?

Diaz, a 56-year-old candle maker, developed diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and is given intravenous normal saline infusion and regular insulin. In addition to hourly blood glucose monitoring, what assessment data are early signs of clinical improvement?

Marcus Pinel, 43-years-old, is brought back to the nursing unit following a thyroidectomy. Which of the following methods should the nurse use to assess for bleeding?

The nurse is teaching Mrs. Jones, a known diabetic, to monitor her blood glucose using a glucometer. The nurse will know that Mrs. Jones is competent in performing her finger-stick to obtain blood when she:

A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Because the client is at risk for hypoglycemia, the nurse teaches the client which of the following?

Davidson is 8 hours post partial thyroidectomy for Grave's disease. What is the best documentation by the nurse of evaluation outcome criteria for the nursing diagnosis risk for effective airway clearance?

The nurse knows that acetonuria develops in diabetes due to:

Daniels, a 55-year-old mechanic, was diagnosed with adult-onset diabetes. The nurse will know that Mr. Daniels understand the symptoms of a hyperglycemic reaction if he verbalizes:

Cardiovascular

Gastrointestinal

Genitourinary

Hematological

Neuro-Muscular

Pulmonary

Filters