Question 1

Montesquieu's influential doctrine of the separation and balance of powers suggested that good government could be obtained by:

Accepted Answer

A)  separating the functions of the executive, the legislative, and the judicial powers. 
B)  following the English example and mixing monarchical, aristocratic, and democratic elements of government. 
C)  dividing power between the king and a great many intermediate bodies like the organized nobility. 
D)  All of these are correct. 
A)  separating the functions of the executive, the legislative, and the judicial powers. 
B)  following the English example and mixing monarchical, aristocratic, and democratic elements of government. 
C)  dividing power between the king and a great many intermediate bodies like the organized nobility. 
D)  All of these are correct.

Question 2

During the eighteenth century, people with a scientific view typically imagined God as:

Accepted Answer

A)  a divine being, on the Cross, who had suffered in human form. 
B)  a force that dwells within us. 
C)  an inconceivably intelligent Being. 
D)  more of a Father than as the First Cause of the physical universe. 
A)  a divine being, on the Cross, who had suffered in human form. 
B)  a force that dwells within us. 
C)  an inconceivably intelligent Being. 
D)  more of a Father than as the First Cause of the physical universe.

Question 3

Which of the following is true of the great French Encyclopédie, which was completed between 1751 and 1772?

Accepted Answer

A)  It was the first encyclopedia ever written. 
B)  It was the first encyclopedia to be conceived as a positive force for social progress. 
C)  It criticized the skeptical, rational, and scientific spirit of the age. 
D)  It epitomized existing society and institutions at the time. 
A)  It was the first encyclopedia ever written. 
B)  It was the first encyclopedia to be conceived as a positive force for social progress. 
C)  It criticized the skeptical, rational, and scientific spirit of the age. 
D)  It epitomized existing society and institutions at the time.

Question 4

In assessing Catherine's achievements, one could conclude that:

Accepted Answer

A)  her reforms served as a model for western Europe. 
B)  she demonstrated contempt and disregard for Enlightenment ideals. 
C)  she was one of the most ineffective Russian rulers. 
D)  domestically, probably no ruler could have corrected the social evils of eighteenth-century Russia. 
A)  her reforms served as a model for western Europe. 
B)  she demonstrated contempt and disregard for Enlightenment ideals. 
C)  she was one of the most ineffective Russian rulers. 
D)  domestically, probably no ruler could have corrected the social evils of eighteenth-century Russia.

Question 5

In what ways did the establishment of the new United States vindicate Enlightenment ideals?

Accepted Answer

The establishment of the new United Stat

Question 6

At the end of Louis XV's reign, the "Maupeou parlements" newly created by the king's chief minister:

Accepted Answer

A)  were staffed with judges who purchased their positions at high prices. 
B)  were condemned as forms of despotism by Voltaire. 
C)  were staffed with judges who were forbidden to reject government edicts. 
D)  lasted until the French Revolution. 
A)  were staffed with judges who purchased their positions at high prices. 
B)  were condemned as forms of despotism by Voltaire. 
C)  were staffed with judges who were forbidden to reject government edicts. 
D)  lasted until the French Revolution.

Question 7

Discuss the impact of the wars of the mid-eighteenth century on the internal governmental policies of France and the Habsburg Empire. Which country found the better solution for its problems?

Accepted Answer

The wars of the mid-eighteenth century,

Question 8

Discuss the response of Great Britain to the ideas of the Enlightenment.

Accepted Answer

Great Britain had a complex and multifac

Question 9

The eighteenth-century philosophes were a group of writers who:

Accepted Answer

A)  treated the ultimate questions of existence. 
B)  were popularizers and publicists. 
C)  were originators of a new philosophy. 
D)  were a group of learned Christian clerics. 
A)  treated the ultimate questions of existence. 
B)  were popularizers and publicists. 
C)  were originators of a new philosophy. 
D)  were a group of learned Christian clerics.

Question 10

Compare and contrast Joseph II and Frederick the Great as enlightened despots.

Accepted Answer

Joseph II and Frederick the Great were b

Question 11

Enlightened despotism had the least success in reforming society in _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  France 
B)  Austria 
C)  Prussia 
D)  Spain 
A)  France 
B)  Austria 
C)  Prussia 
D)  Spain

Question 12

How did the American Revolution become another international struggle for power?

Accepted Answer

The American Revolution became another i

Question 13

On the heels of the American Revolution, what gains had been made in terms of democracy? What were the limitations of the revolution's promise of liberty and equality?

Accepted Answer

On the heels of the American Revolution,

Question 14

The rise of the United Irish in 1798 against British rule:

Accepted Answer

A)  achieved brief independence for Ireland. 
B)  united Catholics and Presbyterians against English rule. 
C)  was led by Catholics and opposed by the Presbyterians in Ireland. 
D)  was aided by the landing of a French army. 
A)  achieved brief independence for Ireland. 
B)  united Catholics and Presbyterians against English rule. 
C)  was led by Catholics and opposed by the Presbyterians in Ireland. 
D)  was aided by the landing of a French army.

Question 15

Rousseau's ideas included all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)  a social contract exists among the people themselves. 
B)  in the social contract, all individuals fuse their wills into a combined general will. 
C)  the true and only possible expression of the general will is a democracy. 
D)  in an ideal society, every person could feel that he or she belonged because each would possess a sense of membership and participation. 
A)  a social contract exists among the people themselves. 
B)  in the social contract, all individuals fuse their wills into a combined general will. 
C)  the true and only possible expression of the general will is a democracy. 
D)  in an ideal society, every person could feel that he or she belonged because each would possess a sense of membership and participation.

Question 16

The eighteenth-century Pietists and Methodists stressed:

Accepted Answer

A)  the application of reason to religion. 
B)  the individual's inner spiritual consciousness. 
C)  adherence to tradition. 
D)  a return to theological orthodoxy. 
A)  the application of reason to religion. 
B)  the individual's inner spiritual consciousness. 
C)  adherence to tradition. 
D)  a return to theological orthodoxy.

Exam 8: The Age of Enlightenment

Montesquieu's influential doctrine of the separation and balance of powers suggested that good government could be obtained by:

During the eighteenth century, people with a scientific view typically imagined God as:

Which of the following is true of the great French Encyclopédie, which was completed between 1751 and 1772?

In assessing Catherine's achievements, one could conclude that:

In what ways did the establishment of the new United States vindicate Enlightenment ideals?

At the end of Louis XV's reign, the "Maupeou parlements" newly created by the king's chief minister:

Discuss the impact of the wars of the mid-eighteenth century on the internal governmental policies of France and the Habsburg Empire. Which country found the better solution for its problems?

Discuss the response of Great Britain to the ideas of the Enlightenment.

The eighteenth-century philosophes were a group of writers who:

Compare and contrast Joseph II and Frederick the Great as enlightened despots.

Enlightened despotism had the least success in reforming society in _____.

How did the American Revolution become another international struggle for power?

On the heels of the American Revolution, what gains had been made in terms of democracy? What were the limitations of the revolution's promise of liberty and equality?

The rise of the United Irish in 1798 against British rule:

Rousseau's ideas included all of the following except:

The eighteenth-century Pietists and Methodists stressed:

The Rise of Europe

The Upheaval in Western Christendom, 1300-1560

The Atlantic World, Commerce, and Wars of Religion, 1560-1648

The Growing Power of Western Europe, 1640-1715

The Transformation of Eastern Europe, 1648-1740

The Scientific View of the World

The Global Struggle for Wealth and Empire

The French Revolution

Napoleonic Europe

Industries, Ideas, and the Struggle for Reform, 1815-1848

Revolutions and the Reimposition of Order, 1848-1870

The Consolidation of Large Nation-States, 1859-1871

Europes Economic and Political Ascendancy, 1871-1914

European Society and Culture, 1871-1914

Europes Colonial Empires and Global Dominance, 1871-1914

The First World War

The Russian Revolution and the Emergence of the Soviet Union

Democracy, Anti-Imperialism, and the Economic Crisis After the First World War

Democracy and Dictatorship in the 1930s

The Second World War

The Cold War and Reconstruction After the Second World War

Decolonization and the Breakup of the European Empires

Coexistence, Confrontation, and the New European Economy

The International Revolt Against Soviet Communism

Europe and the Changing Modern World

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