Question 1

A scientist genetically engineers a neuron whose voltage-gated Na+ channels lack the inactivation gate but which is otherwise normal. This neuron would be expected to

Accepted Answer

A)  conduct action potentials bidirectionally. 
B)  lack an absolute refractory period. 
C)  lack a relative refractory period. 
D)  all of these. 
A)  conduct action potentials bidirectionally. 
B)  lack an absolute refractory period. 
C)  lack a relative refractory period. 
D)  all of these.

Question 2

The drug cocaine exerts its stimulatory effect by

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibiting phosphodiesterase activity, allowing an accumulation of cAMP and stimulation of PKA. 
B)  activating purinergic receptors. 
C)  inhibiting dopamine reuptake, resulting in prolonged activation of dopamine receptors by endogenous dopamine. 
D)  none of these. 
A)  inhibiting phosphodiesterase activity, allowing an accumulation of cAMP and stimulation of PKA. 
B)  activating purinergic receptors. 
C)  inhibiting dopamine reuptake, resulting in prolonged activation of dopamine receptors by endogenous dopamine. 
D)  none of these.

Question 3

Neurons form three types of synapses: electrical, fast chemical and slow chemical. Describe these three synapses and the advantages associated with each.

Accepted Answer

Neurons form three types of synapses: el

Question 4

Which of the following statements about voltage-gated sodium channels is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  All cells contain voltage-gated sodium channels. 
B)  Voltage-gated sodium channels are integral membrane proteins. 
C)  Voltage-gated sodium channels have roughly equal permeability to Na+ and K+. 
D)  Voltage-gated sodium channels open in response to any change in membrane potential. 
E)  Voltage-gated sodium channels open in response to binding of acetylcholine. 
A)  All cells contain voltage-gated sodium channels. 
B)  Voltage-gated sodium channels are integral membrane proteins. 
C)  Voltage-gated sodium channels have roughly equal permeability to Na+ and K+. 
D)  Voltage-gated sodium channels open in response to any change in membrane potential. 
E)  Voltage-gated sodium channels open in response to binding of acetylcholine.

Question 5

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:
-Action potential

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium 
B)  Postsynaptic neuron 
C)  Gap junction 
D)  Dense-core vesicles 
E)  All-or-none
F) Reduced membrane potential
G) Increased membrane potential
H) Decremental
I) Salutatory conduction
J) Action potential frequency 
A)  Calcium 
B)  Postsynaptic neuron 
C)  Gap junction 
D)  Dense-core vesicles 
E)  All-or-none
F) Reduced membrane potential
G) Increased membrane potential
H) Decremental
I) Salutatory conduction
J) Action potential frequency

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The lower the resistance the lower the current flow between two regions of an
Axon. 
B)  The lower the resistance the greater the current flow between two regions of an
Axon. 
C)  Capacitance is a measurement of current flow along an axon. 
D)  Neurons that rely on electronic flow of current for communication purposes are
Noted for their low membrane resistance. 
E)  None of these statements are true. 
A)  The lower the resistance the lower the current flow between two regions of an
Axon. 
B)  The lower the resistance the greater the current flow between two regions of an
Axon. 
C)  Capacitance is a measurement of current flow along an axon. 
D)  Neurons that rely on electronic flow of current for communication purposes are
Noted for their low membrane resistance. 
E)  None of these statements are true.

Question 7

Myelination of axons is accomplished in the nervous system by and in the nervous system by .

Accepted Answer

A)  central, Schwann cells, peripheral, oligodendrocytes 
B)  vertebrate, Schwann cells, invertebrate, oligodendrocytes 
C)  central, oligodendrocytes, peripheral, Schwann cells 
D)  vertebrate, oligodendrocytes, invertebrate, Schwann cells 
A)  central, Schwann cells, peripheral, oligodendrocytes 
B)  vertebrate, Schwann cells, invertebrate, oligodendrocytes 
C)  central, oligodendrocytes, peripheral, Schwann cells 
D)  vertebrate, oligodendrocytes, invertebrate, Schwann cells

Question 8

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:
-Graded potential

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium 
B)  Postsynaptic neuron 
C)  Gap junction 
D)  Dense-core vesicles 
E)  All-or-none
F) Reduced membrane potential
G) Increased membrane potential
H) Decremental
I) Salutatory conduction
J) Action potential frequency 
A)  Calcium 
B)  Postsynaptic neuron 
C)  Gap junction 
D)  Dense-core vesicles 
E)  All-or-none
F) Reduced membrane potential
G) Increased membrane potential
H) Decremental
I) Salutatory conduction
J) Action potential frequency

Question 9

Gated channels are an example of flexible proteins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:
-Signal intensity

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium 
B)  Postsynaptic neuron 
C)  Gap junction 
D)  Dense-core vesicles 
E)  All-or-none
F) Reduced membrane potential
G) Increased membrane potential
H) Decremental
I) Salutatory conduction
J) Action potential frequency 
A)  Calcium 
B)  Postsynaptic neuron 
C)  Gap junction 
D)  Dense-core vesicles 
E)  All-or-none
F) Reduced membrane potential
G) Increased membrane potential
H) Decremental
I) Salutatory conduction
J) Action potential frequency

Question 11

The binding of a specific neurotransmitter at fast synapses with the appropriate 
 subsynaptic receipts always leads to the same chain in membrane permeability.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following pairs are NOT related?

Accepted Answer

A)  leak channels and nongated channels 
B)  gated channels and triggering event 
C)  chemically gated channels and ligand gated channels 
D)  mechanically gated channel and stretch activated channels 
E)  graded potentials and leak channels 
A)  leak channels and nongated channels 
B)  gated channels and triggering event 
C)  chemically gated channels and ligand gated channels 
D)  mechanically gated channel and stretch activated channels 
E)  graded potentials and leak channels

Question 13

Neruomodulators are chemical messengerse that do not cause either EPSPs or IPSPs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Explain what would happen to the resting membrane potential and the establishment and conductance of an action potential if a nerve were in an extracellular solution with a lower than normal level of extracellular potassium (hypokalemia).

Accepted Answer

Resting membrane potential is the electr

Question 15

In auditory hair cells depolarization of the membrane is achieved using a current carried by potassium ions. How must the potassium equilibrium potential compare to the membrane potential for that to be true? Justify your answer.

Accepted Answer

The potassium equilibrium potential must

Question 16

The venom from black widow spiders causes massive release of neurotransmitters which means its primary effect is on which membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  presynaptic 
B)  postsynaptic 
C)  subsynaptic 
D)  suprasynaptic 
A)  presynaptic 
B)  postsynaptic 
C)  subsynaptic 
D)  suprasynaptic

Question 17

The depolarization of the muscle membrane that occurs at the neuromuscular junction is	transmitted in both directions away from the motor end plate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Increasing axonal diameter increases the length constant for that axon by

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing longitudinal resistance. 
B)  increasing longitudinal resistance. 
C)  decreasing membrane resistance. 
D)  increasing membrane resistance. 
E)  increasing capacitance. 
A)  decreasing longitudinal resistance. 
B)  increasing longitudinal resistance. 
C)  decreasing membrane resistance. 
D)  increasing membrane resistance. 
E)  increasing capacitance.

Question 19

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice:
-Depolarization

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium 
B)  Postsynaptic neuron 
C)  Gap junction 
D)  Dense-core vesicles 
E)  All-or-none
F) Reduced membrane potential
G) Increased membrane potential
H) Decremental
I) Salutatory conduction
J) Action potential frequency 
A)  Calcium 
B)  Postsynaptic neuron 
C)  Gap junction 
D)  Dense-core vesicles 
E)  All-or-none
F) Reduced membrane potential
G) Increased membrane potential
H) Decremental
I) Salutatory conduction
J) Action potential frequency

Question 20

If increased atmospheric pressure decreases the activity of the Na+-K+ pump, an animal that lives in the deep sea would be expected to have ________ density of Na+-K+ pumps in their neuronal membranes compared with animals living in shallow water.

Accepted Answer

A)  a higher 
B)  an equal 
C)  a lower 
A)  a higher 
B)  an equal 
C)  a lower

A scientist genetically engineers a neuron whose voltage-gated Na⁺ channels lack the inactivation gate but which is otherwise normal. This neuron would be expected to

The drug cocaine exerts its stimulatory effect by

Neurons form three types of synapses: electrical, fast chemical and slow chemical. Describe these three synapses and the advantages associated with each.

Which of the following statements about voltage-gated sodium channels is true?

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Action potential

Which of the following statements is true?

Myelination of axons is accomplished in the nervous system by and in the nervous system by .

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Graded potential

Gated channels are an example of flexible proteins.

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Signal intensity

The binding of a specific neurotransmitter at fast synapses with the appropriate subsynaptic receipts always leads to the same chain in membrane permeability.

Which of the following pairs are NOT related?

Neruomodulators are chemical messengerse that do not cause either EPSPs or IPSPs.

Explain what would happen to the resting membrane potential and the establishment and conductance of an action potential if a nerve were in an extracellular solution with a lower than normal level of extracellular potassium (hypokalemia).

In auditory hair cells depolarization of the membrane is achieved using a current carried by potassium ions. How must the potassium equilibrium potential compare to the membrane potential for that to be true? Justify your answer.

The venom from black widow spiders causes massive release of neurotransmitters which means its primary effect is on which membrane?

The depolarization of the muscle membrane that occurs at the neuromuscular junction is transmitted in both directions away from the motor end plate.

Increasing axonal diameter increases the length constant for that axon by

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Depolarization

If increased atmospheric pressure decreases the activity of the Na⁺-K⁺ pump, an animal that lives in the deep sea would be expected to have ________ density of Na⁺-K⁺ pumps in their neuronal membranes compared with animals living in shallow water.

Homeostasis and Integration: The Foundations of Physiology

Cellular and Molecular Physiology

Membrane Physiology

Nervous Systems

Sensory Physiology

Endocrine Systems

Muscle Physiology

Circulatory Systems

Defense Systems

Respiratory Systems

Excretory Systems

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

Digestive Systems

Energy Balance and Thermal Physiology

Reproductive Systems

Filters

Exam 4: Neuronal Physiology

A scientist genetically engineers a neuron whose voltage-gated Na+ channels lack the inactivation gate but which is otherwise normal. This neuron would be expected to

The drug cocaine exerts its stimulatory effect by

Neurons form three types of synapses: electrical, fast chemical and slow chemical. Describe these three synapses and the advantages associated with each.

Which of the following statements about voltage-gated sodium channels is true?

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Action potential

Which of the following statements is true?

Myelination of axons is accomplished in the nervous system by and in the nervous system by .

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Graded potential

Gated channels are an example of flexible proteins.

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Signal intensity

The binding of a specific neurotransmitter at fast synapses with the appropriate subsynaptic receipts always leads to the same chain in membrane permeability.

Which of the following pairs are NOT related?

Neruomodulators are chemical messengerse that do not cause either EPSPs or IPSPs.

Explain what would happen to the resting membrane potential and the establishment and conductance of an action potential if a nerve were in an extracellular solution with a lower than normal level of extracellular potassium (hypokalemia).

In auditory hair cells depolarization of the membrane is achieved using a current carried by potassium ions. How must the potassium equilibrium potential compare to the membrane potential for that to be true? Justify your answer.

The venom from black widow spiders causes massive release of neurotransmitters which means its primary effect is on which membrane?

The depolarization of the muscle membrane that occurs at the neuromuscular junction is transmitted in both directions away from the motor end plate.

Increasing axonal diameter increases the length constant for that axon by

Match each sentence with the most appropriate choice: -Depolarization

If increased atmospheric pressure decreases the activity of the Na+-K+ pump, an animal that lives in the deep sea would be expected to have ________ density of Na+-K+ pumps in their neuronal membranes compared with animals living in shallow water.

Homeostasis and Integration: The Foundations of Physiology

Cellular and Molecular Physiology

Membrane Physiology

Nervous Systems

Sensory Physiology

Endocrine Systems

Muscle Physiology

Circulatory Systems

Defense Systems

Respiratory Systems

Excretory Systems

Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

Digestive Systems

Energy Balance and Thermal Physiology

Reproductive Systems

Filters

A scientist genetically engineers a neuron whose voltage-gated Na⁺ channels lack the inactivation gate but which is otherwise normal. This neuron would be expected to

If increased atmospheric pressure decreases the activity of the Na⁺-K⁺ pump, an animal that lives in the deep sea would be expected to have ________ density of Na⁺-K⁺ pumps in their neuronal membranes compared with animals living in shallow water.