Question 1

Behaviorists view psychopathology as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Maladaptive behaviors are predetermined. 
B)  Maladaptive behavior is often but not always learned behavior. 
C)  Maladaptive behavior is always learned behavior. 
D)  Maladaptive behaviors are unconscious. 
E)  Maladaptive behaviors are socially acceptable. 
A)  Maladaptive behaviors are predetermined. 
B)  Maladaptive behavior is often but not always learned behavior. 
C)  Maladaptive behavior is always learned behavior. 
D)  Maladaptive behaviors are unconscious. 
E)  Maladaptive behaviors are socially acceptable. C

Question 2

Which of the following approaches emphasizes the behavioral ABCs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Functional behavioral assessment. 
B)  Cognitive behavioral modification. 
C)  Systematic desensitization. 
D)  Behavioral activation. 
E)  Problem-solving therapy. 
A)  Functional behavioral assessment. 
B)  Cognitive behavioral modification. 
C)  Systematic desensitization. 
D)  Behavioral activation. 
E)  Problem-solving therapy. A

Question 3

How was Mary Cover Jones able to extinguish Little Peter's fear response to furry animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Through a kind and rational explanation about the harmlessness of such animals. 
B)  By allowing Little Peter to eventually grow out of his fear. 
C)  By introducing the animals while Little Peter enjoyed his favorite foods. 
D)  By encouraging Little Peter's parents to keep a stuffed rabbit in his room at all times so he would become accustomed to the presence of furry animals. 
E)  Through prolonged and massed exposure. 
A)  Through a kind and rational explanation about the harmlessness of such animals. 
B)  By allowing Little Peter to eventually grow out of his fear. 
C)  By introducing the animals while Little Peter enjoyed his favorite foods. 
D)  By encouraging Little Peter's parents to keep a stuffed rabbit in his room at all times so he would become accustomed to the presence of furry animals. 
E)  Through prolonged and massed exposure. C

Question 4

Why does Kazdin (2008) think that many parents argue so strongly for the effectiveness of spanking-even though the research shows that punishment is relatively ineffective in changing children's behavior for the better?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parents are experiencing a positive reinforcement for their spanking. 
B)  Spanking is highly effective-and the research is simply incorrect. 
C)  When children immediately stop misbehaving, albeit briefly, the parents receive a strong dose of negative reinforcement. 
D)  Parents are generally naive and tend to naturally make many inaccurate conclusions about their parenting. 
E)  Parents are unable to stop spanking because they have unfinished business related to having been spanked themselves as children. 
A)  Parents are experiencing a positive reinforcement for their spanking. 
B)  Spanking is highly effective-and the research is simply incorrect. 
C)  When children immediately stop misbehaving, albeit briefly, the parents receive a strong dose of negative reinforcement. 
D)  Parents are generally naive and tend to naturally make many inaccurate conclusions about their parenting. 
E)  Parents are unable to stop spanking because they have unfinished business related to having been spanked themselves as children.

Question 5

Historically, _______________ has been viewed as a behavioral strategy that leads to behavior suppression but is NOT an effective method for controlling behavior over the long term.

Accepted Answer

A)  Classical conditioning. 
B)  Positive reinforcement. 
C)  Punishment. 
D)  Response cost. 
E)  Negative reinforcement. 
A)  Classical conditioning. 
B)  Positive reinforcement. 
C)  Punishment. 
D)  Response cost. 
E)  Negative reinforcement.

Question 6

Negative reinforcement is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)  The strengthening of a behavioral response by reducing or eliminating an aversive stimulus. 
B)  The taking away of a positive reinforcement. 
C)  A learned relaxation technique. 
D)  None of the above. 
E)  Only a and b. 
A)  The strengthening of a behavioral response by reducing or eliminating an aversive stimulus. 
B)  The taking away of a positive reinforcement. 
C)  A learned relaxation technique. 
D)  None of the above. 
E)  Only a and b.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about John Watson's research with Little Albert is/are true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It required 20 trials of pairing the presentation of a white rat to Albert with the striking of a metal bar before Albert developed a strong fear and aversion to white rats. 
B)  Watson's classical conditioning method was quick and efficient despite the fact that Albert had previously been a calm and happy baby who eagerly played with white rats. 
C)  Little Albert's conditioned fear response generalized to a variety of furry or fuzzy white objects, including a rabbit, a dog, cotton wool, and a Santa Claus mask. 
D)  All of the above are true. 
E)  Only b and c are true. 
A)  It required 20 trials of pairing the presentation of a white rat to Albert with the striking of a metal bar before Albert developed a strong fear and aversion to white rats. 
B)  Watson's classical conditioning method was quick and efficient despite the fact that Albert had previously been a calm and happy baby who eagerly played with white rats. 
C)  Little Albert's conditioned fear response generalized to a variety of furry or fuzzy white objects, including a rabbit, a dog, cotton wool, and a Santa Claus mask. 
D)  All of the above are true. 
E)  Only b and c are true.

Question 8

In the case of Little Albert, what was the unconditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  The rat. 
B)  The rabbit. 
C)  His fear. 
D)  The sound of a metal bar being struck. 
E)  None of these. 
A)  The rat. 
B)  The rabbit. 
C)  His fear. 
D)  The sound of a metal bar being struck. 
E)  None of these.

Question 9

Which of the following procedures is/are used by applied behavior analysts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reinforcement. 
B)  Punishment. 
C)  Extinction. 
D)  Stimulus control. 
E)  All of the above. 
A)  Reinforcement. 
B)  Punishment. 
C)  Extinction. 
D)  Stimulus control. 
E)  All of the above.

Question 10

For John B. Watson, behaviorism was based on:

Accepted Answer

A)  Introspective data. 
B)  Verifiable scientific data. 
C)  Research focused on emotional processes. 
D)  Informal observation; he saw it as a subjective branch of natural science. 
E)  Spirituality. 
A)  Introspective data. 
B)  Verifiable scientific data. 
C)  Research focused on emotional processes. 
D)  Informal observation; he saw it as a subjective branch of natural science. 
E)  Spirituality.

Question 11

During therapy, a woman with a severe rodent phobia was given instructions for progressive muscle relaxation and shown a picture of a mouse. Over time she was gently exposed to a live mouse. This is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Response cost. 
B)  Modeling. 
C)  In-vivo exposure. 
D)  Systematic desensitization. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  Response cost. 
B)  Modeling. 
C)  In-vivo exposure. 
D)  Systematic desensitization. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 12

A 5-year-old is given a 5-minute time-out for throwing spaghetti all over a new white tablecloth. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Punishment. 
B)  Positive reinforcement. 
C)  Negative reinforcement. 
D)  Response cost. 
E)  A lot of restraint on the part of the child's parents. 
A)  Punishment. 
B)  Positive reinforcement. 
C)  Negative reinforcement. 
D)  Response cost. 
E)  A lot of restraint on the part of the child's parents.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true regarding applied behavior analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  It's a clinical term referring to a behavioral approach based on operant conditioning principles. 
B)  It focuses on cognitive meditational variables that can be linked to both stimulus and response. 
C)  It is a complex approach that combines behavioral and social learning factors. 
D)  All of the above are true. 
E)  Only a and c are true. 
A)  It's a clinical term referring to a behavioral approach based on operant conditioning principles. 
B)  It focuses on cognitive meditational variables that can be linked to both stimulus and response. 
C)  It is a complex approach that combines behavioral and social learning factors. 
D)  All of the above are true. 
E)  Only a and c are true.

Question 14

Arnold Lazarus was the first behavior therapist to express an open acceptance of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Evidence-based practice. 
B)  Different teaching practices for diverse learning styles. 
C)  Eclecticism. 
D)  Peer-reviewed journals. 
E)  Cognition as a dimension that can be combined with behavior therapy. 
A)  Evidence-based practice. 
B)  Different teaching practices for diverse learning styles. 
C)  Eclecticism. 
D)  Peer-reviewed journals. 
E)  Cognition as a dimension that can be combined with behavior therapy.

Question 15

Undermining intrinsic motivation by giving rewards to those who are already motivated is one criticism of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Skills training. 
B)  Contingency management. 
C)  Relaxation training. 
D)  The neobehavioristic stimulus-response model. 
E)  Classical conditioning. 
A)  Skills training. 
B)  Contingency management. 
C)  Relaxation training. 
D)  The neobehavioristic stimulus-response model. 
E)  Classical conditioning.

Question 16

What was/were Mary Cover Jones's main finding(s) about methods for reducing or eliminating fear through counterconditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Using direct conditioning, the fear-object was associated with a craving-object and the fear was replaced with a positive response. 
B)  Once the fears were set, it was impossible to eliminate them. 
C)  Using social imitation, children were able to reduce or eliminate their fear response. 
D)  None of the above is true. 
E)  Only a and c are true. 
A)  Using direct conditioning, the fear-object was associated with a craving-object and the fear was replaced with a positive response. 
B)  Once the fears were set, it was impossible to eliminate them. 
C)  Using social imitation, children were able to reduce or eliminate their fear response. 
D)  None of the above is true. 
E)  Only a and c are true.

Question 17

How might a behavior therapist attempt to help a client suffering from depression?

Accepted Answer

A)  By helping the client understand how past trauma could be affecting current mood states. 
B)  By helping the client to engage more frequently in activities the client finds enjoyable. 
C)  By exploring the role of interpersonal relationships in the client's life. 
D)  By exploring feelings of shame, remorse, and guilt in the client's life. 
E)  All of the above are often used by behavior therapists. 
A)  By helping the client understand how past trauma could be affecting current mood states. 
B)  By helping the client to engage more frequently in activities the client finds enjoyable. 
C)  By exploring the role of interpersonal relationships in the client's life. 
D)  By exploring feelings of shame, remorse, and guilt in the client's life. 
E)  All of the above are often used by behavior therapists.

Question 18

Part of Rachel's behavior therapy involves running in place for three minutes to deal more effectively with physical aspects of her intense panic attacks. This is an example of what approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  Virtual reality exposure. 
B)  In vivo exposure. 
C)  Interoceptive exposure. 
D)  Relaxation training. 
E)  Motor training. 
A)  Virtual reality exposure. 
B)  In vivo exposure. 
C)  Interoceptive exposure. 
D)  Relaxation training. 
E)  Motor training.

Question 19

Behavior therapists use which of the following assessment tools to compensate for inconsistent and subjective interviews?

Accepted Answer

A)  Video or audio recordings. 
B)  Structured or diagnostic interviews such as the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV. 
C)  Standardized questionnaires. 
D)  Self-monitoring. 
E)  All of the above. 
A)  Video or audio recordings. 
B)  Structured or diagnostic interviews such as the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV. 
C)  Standardized questionnaires. 
D)  Self-monitoring. 
E)  All of the above.

Question 20

Behavioral activation therapy for depression is based on which of the following principles?

Accepted Answer

A)  Everyone naturally enjoys golfing or bowling. 
B)  Depression is caused by self-punishing processes related to anger turned inward upon the self. 
C)  Healthy behaviors are interrupted by unhealthy cognitions. 
D)  Only a and c. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  Everyone naturally enjoys golfing or bowling. 
B)  Depression is caused by self-punishing processes related to anger turned inward upon the self. 
C)  Healthy behaviors are interrupted by unhealthy cognitions. 
D)  Only a and c. 
E)  None of the above.

Behaviorists view psychopathology as:

Which of the following approaches emphasizes the behavioral ABCs?

How was Mary Cover Jones able to extinguish Little Peter's fear response to furry animals?

Why does Kazdin (2008) think that many parents argue so strongly for the effectiveness of spanking-even though the research shows that punishment is relatively ineffective in changing children's behavior for the better?

Historically, _______________ has been viewed as a behavioral strategy that leads to behavior suppression but is NOT an effective method for controlling behavior over the long term.

Negative reinforcement is defined as:

Which of the following statements about John Watson's research with Little Albert is/are true?

In the case of Little Albert, what was the unconditioned stimulus?

Which of the following procedures is/are used by applied behavior analysts?

For John B. Watson, behaviorism was based on:

During therapy, a woman with a severe rodent phobia was given instructions for progressive muscle relaxation and shown a picture of a mouse. Over time she was gently exposed to a live mouse. This is an example of which of the following?

A 5-year-old is given a 5-minute time-out for throwing spaghetti all over a new white tablecloth. This is an example of:

Which of the following statements is true regarding applied behavior analysis?

Arnold Lazarus was the first behavior therapist to express an open acceptance of:

Undermining intrinsic motivation by giving rewards to those who are already motivated is one criticism of:

What was/were Mary Cover Jones's main finding(s) about methods for reducing or eliminating fear through counterconditioning?

How might a behavior therapist attempt to help a client suffering from depression?

Part of Rachel's behavior therapy involves running in place for three minutes to deal more effectively with physical aspects of her intense panic attacks. This is an example of what approach?

Behavior therapists use which of the following assessment tools to compensate for inconsistent and subjective interviews?

Behavioral activation therapy for depression is based on which of the following principles?

Psychotherapy and Counseling Essentials: An Introduction

Psychoanalytic Approaches

Individual Psychology and Adlerian Therapy

Existential Theory and Therapy

Person-Centered Theory and Therapy

Gestalt Theory and Therapy

Cognitive-Behavioral Theory and Therapy

Choice Theory and Reality Therapy

Feminist Theory and Therapy

Constructive Theory and Therapy

Family Systems Theory and Therapy

Developing Your Multicultural Orientation and Skills

Integrative and Evidence-Based New Generation Therapies

Filters

Exam 7: Behavioral Theory and Therapy

Behaviorists view psychopathology as:

Which of the following approaches emphasizes the behavioral ABCs?

How was Mary Cover Jones able to extinguish Little Peter's fear response to furry animals?

Why does Kazdin (2008) think that many parents argue so strongly for the effectiveness of spanking-even though the research shows that punishment is relatively ineffective in changing children's behavior for the better?

Historically, _______________ has been viewed as a behavioral strategy that leads to behavior suppression but is NOT an effective method for controlling behavior over the long term.

Negative reinforcement is defined as:

Which of the following statements about John Watson's research with Little Albert is/are true?

In the case of Little Albert, what was the unconditioned stimulus?

Which of the following procedures is/are used by applied behavior analysts?

For John B. Watson, behaviorism was based on:

During therapy, a woman with a severe rodent phobia was given instructions for progressive muscle relaxation and shown a picture of a mouse. Over time she was gently exposed to a live mouse. This is an example of which of the following?

A 5-year-old is given a 5-minute time-out for throwing spaghetti all over a new white tablecloth. This is an example of:

Which of the following statements is true regarding applied behavior analysis?

Arnold Lazarus was the first behavior therapist to express an open acceptance of:

Undermining intrinsic motivation by giving rewards to those who are already motivated is one criticism of:

What was/were Mary Cover Jones's main finding(s) about methods for reducing or eliminating fear through counterconditioning?

How might a behavior therapist attempt to help a client suffering from depression?

Part of Rachel's behavior therapy involves running in place for three minutes to deal more effectively with physical aspects of her intense panic attacks. This is an example of what approach?

Behavior therapists use which of the following assessment tools to compensate for inconsistent and subjective interviews?

Behavioral activation therapy for depression is based on which of the following principles?

Psychotherapy and Counseling Essentials: An Introduction

Psychoanalytic Approaches

Individual Psychology and Adlerian Therapy

Existential Theory and Therapy

Person-Centered Theory and Therapy

Gestalt Theory and Therapy

Cognitive-Behavioral Theory and Therapy

Choice Theory and Reality Therapy

Feminist Theory and Therapy

Constructive Theory and Therapy

Family Systems Theory and Therapy

Developing Your Multicultural Orientation and Skills

Integrative and Evidence-Based New Generation Therapies

Filters