Question 1

Criminologists argued that self-control theory may not be able to adequately explain white-collar crime.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

What has the empirical research testing of Hirschi's social control theory found?

Accepted Answer

A)  That attachment bonds sometimes produce negative effects 
B)  That keeping busy often has no relationship to crime 
C)  That people need a personal morality in line with public morality 
D)  That zero commitment to anything is a recipe for disaster 
A)  That attachment bonds sometimes produce negative effects 
B)  That keeping busy often has no relationship to crime 
C)  That people need a personal morality in line with public morality 
D)  That zero commitment to anything is a recipe for disaster

Question 3

Sampson, Laub, and Hirschi are names associated with some of the modern varieties of control theory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

What year did Hirschi publish the book containing the definitive social control model in criminology?

Accepted Answer

A)  1957 
B)  1969 
C)  1975 
D)  1981 
A)  1957 
B)  1969 
C)  1975 
D)  1981

Question 5

Match the terms to the appropriate description and/or definition
-Involvement

Accepted Answer

A)  Reckless identified this as effective structure and organization that can provide observation, control, supervision, and discipline 
B)  Acts as a barrier to opportunities for crime when an individual cares about what other people think, aim to avoid embarrassing and losing respected ones 
C)  Primary agent for the development of self-control 
D)  Refers to how strongly one believes in the rules against crime when it comes to their own actions 
E)  Acting deliberately, naturally and without effort
F) Connectedness to society, in which these act as barriers to opportunities for crime, as well as restraints
G) Reckless identified this as our self-concept, our conscience which he believed was formed by age 12
H) Refers to the habit of refraining from grabbing at short-term pleasure out of fear of the long-term consequences
I) Refers to stakes we have in following the rules and could risk losing if we engaged in criminal activity
J) Refers to how time acts as a restraint if engrossed in conventional activities rather than criminal behavior 
A)  Reckless identified this as effective structure and organization that can provide observation, control, supervision, and discipline 
B)  Acts as a barrier to opportunities for crime when an individual cares about what other people think, aim to avoid embarrassing and losing respected ones 
C)  Primary agent for the development of self-control 
D)  Refers to how strongly one believes in the rules against crime when it comes to their own actions 
E)  Acting deliberately, naturally and without effort
F) Connectedness to society, in which these act as barriers to opportunities for crime, as well as restraints
G) Reckless identified this as our self-concept, our conscience which he believed was formed by age 12
H) Refers to the habit of refraining from grabbing at short-term pleasure out of fear of the long-term consequences
I) Refers to stakes we have in following the rules and could risk losing if we engaged in criminal activity
J) Refers to how time acts as a restraint if engrossed in conventional activities rather than criminal behavior

Question 6

According to the early control theorist, Reckless, which construct is used to model how our self-concept, or conscience, works?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pushes 
B)  Pulls 
C)  Inner containment 
D)  Outer containment 
A)  Pushes 
B)  Pulls 
C)  Inner containment 
D)  Outer containment

Question 7

Reckless' containment theory has been the one in criminology which occupied the position as the primary and most frequently drawn-on form of social control theory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

When an individual understands rules exist for a reason this is demonstrating Hirschi's __________ bond.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When an individual understands rules exist for...

Question 9

According to the early control theorist, Nye, which type of control usually "takes the fun out" of giving into criminal temptations.

Accepted Answer

A)  Social 
B)  Direct 
C)  Indirect 
D)  Internal 
A)  Social 
B)  Direct 
C)  Indirect 
D)  Internal

Question 10

Which of the following best describes Hirschi's conception of the social bond?

Accepted Answer

A)  Barriers to prosocial opportunities 
B)  Connectedness to society 
C)  Damaged relationships 
D)  Stress and hassles 
A)  Barriers to prosocial opportunities 
B)  Connectedness to society 
C)  Damaged relationships 
D)  Stress and hassles

Question 11

Sampson and Laub extended Hirschi's social bonding theory by arguing that adult social bonds such as __________________ can influence criminal involvement in adulthood.

Accepted Answer

marriage, employment, or milit

Question 12

Explain the background assumption of human nature upon which control theories rely.How does this background assumption shape the scope of control theories?

Accepted Answer

• Assume that the desire to commit crime

Question 13

Which early control theorist produced the most complex model?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reiss 
B)  Toby 
C)  Nye 
D)  Reckless 
A)  Reiss 
B)  Toby 
C)  Nye 
D)  Reckless

Question 14

Match the terms to the appropriate description and/or definition
-Outer containment

Accepted Answer

A)  Reckless identified this as effective structure and organization that can provide observation, control, supervision, and discipline 
B)  Acts as a barrier to opportunities for crime when an individual cares about what other people think, aim to avoid embarrassing and losing respected ones 
C)  Primary agent for the development of self-control 
D)  Refers to how strongly one believes in the rules against crime when it comes to their own actions 
E)  Acting deliberately, naturally and without effort
F) Connectedness to society, in which these act as barriers to opportunities for crime, as well as restraints
G) Reckless identified this as our self-concept, our conscience which he believed was formed by age 12
H) Refers to the habit of refraining from grabbing at short-term pleasure out of fear of the long-term consequences
I) Refers to stakes we have in following the rules and could risk losing if we engaged in criminal activity
J) Refers to how time acts as a restraint if engrossed in conventional activities rather than criminal behavior 
A)  Reckless identified this as effective structure and organization that can provide observation, control, supervision, and discipline 
B)  Acts as a barrier to opportunities for crime when an individual cares about what other people think, aim to avoid embarrassing and losing respected ones 
C)  Primary agent for the development of self-control 
D)  Refers to how strongly one believes in the rules against crime when it comes to their own actions 
E)  Acting deliberately, naturally and without effort
F) Connectedness to society, in which these act as barriers to opportunities for crime, as well as restraints
G) Reckless identified this as our self-concept, our conscience which he believed was formed by age 12
H) Refers to the habit of refraining from grabbing at short-term pleasure out of fear of the long-term consequences
I) Refers to stakes we have in following the rules and could risk losing if we engaged in criminal activity
J) Refers to how time acts as a restraint if engrossed in conventional activities rather than criminal behavior

Question 15

The basic premise of _______________ theories are that people are primarily selfish pleasure seekers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The basic premise of _______________ theories are...

Question 16

The early control theorist Nye indicated that _________ control occurs when an authority figure is directly observing an individual's behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The early control theorist Nye indicated that...

Question 17

Self-control, though a unidimensional concept, contains traits or symptoms which are hypothesized to vary over the life course.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Match the terms to the appropriate description and/or definition
-Commitment

Accepted Answer

A)  Reckless identified this as effective structure and organization that can provide observation, control, supervision, and discipline 
B)  Acts as a barrier to opportunities for crime when an individual cares about what other people think, aim to avoid embarrassing and losing respected ones 
C)  Primary agent for the development of self-control 
D)  Refers to how strongly one believes in the rules against crime when it comes to their own actions 
E)  Acting deliberately, naturally and without effort
F) Connectedness to society, in which these act as barriers to opportunities for crime, as well as restraints
G) Reckless identified this as our self-concept, our conscience which he believed was formed by age 12
H) Refers to the habit of refraining from grabbing at short-term pleasure out of fear of the long-term consequences
I) Refers to stakes we have in following the rules and could risk losing if we engaged in criminal activity
J) Refers to how time acts as a restraint if engrossed in conventional activities rather than criminal behavior 
A)  Reckless identified this as effective structure and organization that can provide observation, control, supervision, and discipline 
B)  Acts as a barrier to opportunities for crime when an individual cares about what other people think, aim to avoid embarrassing and losing respected ones 
C)  Primary agent for the development of self-control 
D)  Refers to how strongly one believes in the rules against crime when it comes to their own actions 
E)  Acting deliberately, naturally and without effort
F) Connectedness to society, in which these act as barriers to opportunities for crime, as well as restraints
G) Reckless identified this as our self-concept, our conscience which he believed was formed by age 12
H) Refers to the habit of refraining from grabbing at short-term pleasure out of fear of the long-term consequences
I) Refers to stakes we have in following the rules and could risk losing if we engaged in criminal activity
J) Refers to how time acts as a restraint if engrossed in conventional activities rather than criminal behavior

Question 19

Why is Gottfredson and Hirschi's low self-control theory called a general theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the most powerful theory in all of criminology 
B)  It combines the best of all other theories in criminology 
C)  It was adopted by military generals as training doctrine 
D)  It is intended to explain a variety of crime and analogous behaviors 
A)  It is the most powerful theory in all of criminology 
B)  It combines the best of all other theories in criminology 
C)  It was adopted by military generals as training doctrine 
D)  It is intended to explain a variety of crime and analogous behaviors

Question 20

Match the terms to the appropriate description and/or definition
-Child rearing

Accepted Answer

A)  Reckless identified this as effective structure and organization that can provide observation, control, supervision, and discipline 
B)  Acts as a barrier to opportunities for crime when an individual cares about what other people think, aim to avoid embarrassing and losing respected ones 
C)  Primary agent for the development of self-control 
D)  Refers to how strongly one believes in the rules against crime when it comes to their own actions 
E)  Acting deliberately, naturally and without effort
F) Connectedness to society, in which these act as barriers to opportunities for crime, as well as restraints
G) Reckless identified this as our self-concept, our conscience which he believed was formed by age 12
H) Refers to the habit of refraining from grabbing at short-term pleasure out of fear of the long-term consequences
I) Refers to stakes we have in following the rules and could risk losing if we engaged in criminal activity
J) Refers to how time acts as a restraint if engrossed in conventional activities rather than criminal behavior 
A)  Reckless identified this as effective structure and organization that can provide observation, control, supervision, and discipline 
B)  Acts as a barrier to opportunities for crime when an individual cares about what other people think, aim to avoid embarrassing and losing respected ones 
C)  Primary agent for the development of self-control 
D)  Refers to how strongly one believes in the rules against crime when it comes to their own actions 
E)  Acting deliberately, naturally and without effort
F) Connectedness to society, in which these act as barriers to opportunities for crime, as well as restraints
G) Reckless identified this as our self-concept, our conscience which he believed was formed by age 12
H) Refers to the habit of refraining from grabbing at short-term pleasure out of fear of the long-term consequences
I) Refers to stakes we have in following the rules and could risk losing if we engaged in criminal activity
J) Refers to how time acts as a restraint if engrossed in conventional activities rather than criminal behavior

Criminologists argued that self-control theory may not be able to adequately explain white-collar crime.

What has the empirical research testing of Hirschi's social control theory found?

Sampson, Laub, and Hirschi are names associated with some of the modern varieties of control theory.

What year did Hirschi publish the book containing the definitive social control model in criminology?

Match the terms to the appropriate description and/or definition -Involvement

According to the early control theorist, Reckless, which construct is used to model how our self-concept, or conscience, works?

Reckless' containment theory has been the one in criminology which occupied the position as the primary and most frequently drawn-on form of social control theory.

When an individual understands rules exist for a reason this is demonstrating Hirschi's __________ bond.

According to the early control theorist, Nye, which type of control usually "takes the fun out" of giving into criminal temptations.

Which of the following best describes Hirschi's conception of the social bond?

Sampson and Laub extended Hirschi's social bonding theory by arguing that adult social bonds such as __________________ can influence criminal involvement in adulthood.

Explain the background assumption of human nature upon which control theories rely.How does this background assumption shape the scope of control theories?

Which early control theorist produced the most complex model?

Match the terms to the appropriate description and/or definition -Outer containment

The basic premise of _______________ theories are that people are primarily selfish pleasure seekers.

The early control theorist Nye indicated that _________ control occurs when an authority figure is directly observing an individual's behavior.

Self-control, though a unidimensional concept, contains traits or symptoms which are hypothesized to vary over the life course.

Match the terms to the appropriate description and/or definition -Commitment

Why is Gottfredson and Hirschi's low self-control theory called a general theory?

Match the terms to the appropriate description and/or definition -Child rearing

Theoretical Criminology: An Introductory Overview

Classical and Neoclassical Criminology

Biological Theories of Crime

Psychological Theories of Crime

The Social Ecology of Crime

Learning and Cultural Transmission Theories of Crime

Strain Theories of Crime

Theories of Social Conflict

Evaluating and Integrating Theory

Filters

Exam 8: Control Theories of Crime

Criminologists argued that self-control theory may not be able to adequately explain white-collar crime.

What has the empirical research testing of Hirschi's social control theory found?

Sampson, Laub, and Hirschi are names associated with some of the modern varieties of control theory.

What year did Hirschi publish the book containing the definitive social control model in criminology?

Match the terms to the appropriate description and/or definition -Involvement

According to the early control theorist, Reckless, which construct is used to model how our self-concept, or conscience, works?

Reckless' containment theory has been the one in criminology which occupied the position as the primary and most frequently drawn-on form of social control theory.

When an individual understands rules exist for a reason this is demonstrating Hirschi's __________ bond.

According to the early control theorist, Nye, which type of control usually "takes the fun out" of giving into criminal temptations.

Which of the following best describes Hirschi's conception of the social bond?

Sampson and Laub extended Hirschi's social bonding theory by arguing that adult social bonds such as __________________ can influence criminal involvement in adulthood.

Explain the background assumption of human nature upon which control theories rely.How does this background assumption shape the scope of control theories?

Which early control theorist produced the most complex model?

Match the terms to the appropriate description and/or definition -Outer containment

The basic premise of _______________ theories are that people are primarily selfish pleasure seekers.

The early control theorist Nye indicated that _________ control occurs when an authority figure is directly observing an individual's behavior.

Self-control, though a unidimensional concept, contains traits or symptoms which are hypothesized to vary over the life course.

Match the terms to the appropriate description and/or definition -Commitment

Why is Gottfredson and Hirschi's low self-control theory called a general theory?

Match the terms to the appropriate description and/or definition -Child rearing

Theoretical Criminology: An Introductory Overview

Classical and Neoclassical Criminology

Biological Theories of Crime

Psychological Theories of Crime

The Social Ecology of Crime

Learning and Cultural Transmission Theories of Crime

Strain Theories of Crime

Theories of Social Conflict

Evaluating and Integrating Theory

Filters