Chat with AIExam 2: Old Worlds, New Worlds 1400-1600
Consider the motives of early English promoters of colonization like Gilbert and Raleigh. To what extent were such men motivated by idealistic goals? To what extent by economic interests?
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Answered by Examlex AI CopilotThe early English promoters of colonization like Gilbert and Raleigh were motivated by a combination of idealistic goals and economic interests.
On one hand, these men were driven by idealistic goals such as spreading Christianity, establishing English influence and power in the New World, and creating a better life for themselves and their countrymen. They saw colonization as a way to bring civilization and progress to the indigenous peoples and to expand the reach of the English empire.
On the other hand, economic interests played a significant role in their motivations. The potential for wealth and resources in the New World, such as gold, silver, and valuable natural resources, was a major driving force behind their efforts. They also saw colonization as a way to open up new markets for English goods and to establish profitable trade routes.
Overall, the motives of early English promoters of colonization were a complex mix of idealistic goals and economic interests. While they may have genuinely believed in the benefits of colonization for both the English and the indigenous peoples, they were also driven by the potential for personal and national economic gain.
Consider this statement: "As the monarchs of stronger, more centralized nation-states took advantage of the recent advances in technology and trade, the temper of these vibrant, often chaotic times mixed a sense of crisis with a sense of possibility."Explain why this blend of desperation and idealism made the newly discovered Americas so attractive to Europeans.
(47) Answered by Examlex AI CopilotThe statement captures the essence of a transformative period in European history, where the emergence of stronger, more centralized nation-states coincided with significant advances in technology and trade. This era was marked by a mix of crisis and possibility, which created a unique environment that made the newly discovered Americas particularly attractive to Europeans for several reasons:
1. **Economic Opportunities**: The advances in technology and trade meant that Europeans were better equipped to explore and exploit new territories. The discovery of the Americas opened up vast opportunities for wealth through the extraction of precious metals, such as gold and silver, and the establishment of new trade routes and markets. For many Europeans, the Americas represented an almost limitless potential for economic gain.
2. **Social and Political Ambitions**: The stronger nation-states were often in competition with one another for power and prestige. Colonizing the Americas offered a way for monarchs and their countries to gain an edge over their rivals. It also provided an opportunity for the nobility and other ambitious individuals to increase their status, power, and wealth by acquiring land and titles in the New World.
3. **Escape from Crisis**: Europe was experiencing various crises during this period, including religious conflicts, such as the Protestant Reformation, economic hardships, and social upheaval. The Americas offered an escape for those seeking religious freedom, a fresh start away from economic distress, or a chance to break away from the rigid social hierarchies of Europe.
4. **Technological Advancements**: The recent advances in navigation, shipbuilding, and cartography made long sea voyages more feasible and safer. This encouraged exploration and the pursuit of overseas adventures. The allure of the unknown, coupled with the potential rewards of successful voyages, spurred European interest in the Americas.
5. **Spread of Ideals and Religion**: The period was also characterized by a sense of idealism, with many Europeans motivated by the desire to spread Christianity and their own cultural values to new lands. The Americas presented a vast new mission field for the European churches and an opportunity to convert indigenous populations to Christianity.
6. **Demographic Pressures**: Europe's population was growing, leading to land shortages and increased competition for resources. The Americas offered a solution to these demographic pressures by providing new lands for settlement and cultivation.
In summary, the blend of desperation and idealism during this period of crisis and possibility made the Americas an attractive destination for Europeans. The promise of wealth, power, and a new beginning, combined with the technological means to reach and settle these lands, drove the European exploration and colonization of the New World.
A precedent for subsequent English colonization in the New World occurred closer to home with a program to colonize ________ in order to control that threatening place.
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VerifiedIreland
What was the precedent set by the English colonization of Ireland?
(32) Hernán Cortés was the conquistador who conquered the great empire of the ________.
(30) Could the direction of discovery and colonization in the fifteenth and sixteenth century have been reversed-that is, could the Aztecs have discovered and colonized western Europe? Why or why not?
(41) How did Spain's colonial empire influence the development of western Europe during the sixteenth century?
(31) Changes in European society that caused the expansion of European peoples into the New World after 1450 included
(40) Cabot was never heard from again after setting sail in 1498 on a search for a(n) ________ to Asia.
(40) While most accounts begin with Spanish penetration of the Caribbean and Central America, this chapter begins with the second pathway across the North Atlantic, followed by seafarers from England, France, and Portugal to fish off the island of ________
(26) Discuss conditions that encouraged early modern Europeans to undertake voyages of exploration and discovery.
(33) By 1520, the Spanish plantations in the West Indies were being worked by ________ imported from Africa.
(36) Describe the social divisions among the races. What role did religion play in the divisions within society? What was the role of class? How did the Europeans move up within society?
(39) To the continents of the Western Hemisphere, Europeans gave the name America, from a
(35) The transfer of flora and fauna of the Americas on the one hand and those of Eurasia and Africa on the other is known to historians as the ________ exchange.
(29) What primary factors accounted for the rivalry between England and Spain in the late sixteenth century?
(31) Compare and contrast the tenets of Luther and Calvin. Be specific in including the Catholic traditions and the need for reforms.
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