Question 1

Which of the following anomalies can be attributed to a disturbance in tissue resorption?

Accepted Answer

A) Pelvic kidney 
B) Cleft lip 
C) Anal atresia 
D) Renal agenesis 
E) Intrauterine digital amputation 
A) Pelvic kidney 
B) Cleft lip 
C) Anal atresia 
D) Renal agenesis 
E) Intrauterine digital amputation C

Question 2

Phocomelia results from exposure to which human teratogen?

Accepted Answer

A) Retinoic acid 
B) Alcohol 
C) Aminopterin 
D) Thalidomide 
E) X-irradiation 
A) Retinoic acid 
B) Alcohol 
C) Aminopterin 
D) Thalidomide 
E) X-irradiation D

Question 3

Amniotic mesoderm is situated most closely to the _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) Amniotic cavity 
B) Embryonic ectoderm 
C) Extraembryonic coelom 
D) Yolk sac endoderm 
E) Cytotrophoblast 
A) Amniotic cavity 
B) Embryonic ectoderm 
C) Extraembryonic coelom 
D) Yolk sac endoderm 
E) Cytotrophoblast C

Question 4

Which of the following is responsible for the largest percentage of congenital malformations?

Accepted Answer

A) Maternal infections 
B) Chemical teratogens 
C) Genetically based conditions 
D) Ionizing radiations 
E) Unknown factors 
A) Maternal infections 
B) Chemical teratogens 
C) Genetically based conditions 
D) Ionizing radiations 
E) Unknown factors

Question 5

Administration of supplemental folic acid has markedly reduced the incidence of _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) Anencephaly 
B) Down syndrome 
C) Phocomelia 
D) Cyclopia 
E) Fetal alcohol syndrome 
A) Anencephaly 
B) Down syndrome 
C) Phocomelia 
D) Cyclopia 
E) Fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 6

Phocomelia is most likely to be seen after maternal exposure to which of the following teratogenic agents during the first trimester of pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

A) Alcohol 
B) Aminopterin 
C) Androgens 
D) Ionizing radiation 
E) Thalidomide 
A) Alcohol 
B) Aminopterin 
C) Androgens 
D) Ionizing radiation 
E) Thalidomide

Question 7

What percentage of congenital malformations is due to unknown causes?

Accepted Answer

A) 5% 
B) 10% 
C) 25% 
D) 50% 
E) 75% 
A) 5% 
B) 10% 
C) 25% 
D) 50% 
E) 75%

Question 8

Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

A) Unilateral renal agenesis - failure of migration 
B) Tracheoesophageal fistula with esophageal atresia - failure of induction 
C) Annular pancreas - failure of induction 
D) Pelvic kidney - failure of migration 
E) Duplication of ureter - failure of resorption 
A) Unilateral renal agenesis - failure of migration 
B) Tracheoesophageal fistula with esophageal atresia - failure of induction 
C) Annular pancreas - failure of induction 
D) Pelvic kidney - failure of migration 
E) Duplication of ureter - failure of resorption

Question 9

What was the earliest recognized cause of human birth defects?

Accepted Answer

A) Excess vitamin A 
B) Rubella 
C) Folic acid deficiency 
D) Thalidomide 
E) X-radiation 
A) Excess vitamin A 
B) Rubella 
C) Folic acid deficiency 
D) Thalidomide 
E) X-radiation

Question 10

Anencephaly is associated with a deficiency of ____________ in the maternal diet.

Accepted Answer

A) Vitamin A 
B) Folic acid 
C) Iodine 
D) Insulin 
E) Cortisone 
A) Vitamin A 
B) Folic acid 
C) Iodine 
D) Insulin 
E) Cortisone

Question 11

Folic acid deficiency is now thought to be a major cause of what class of malformations?

Accepted Answer

A) Trisomies 
B) Neural tube defects 
C) Ambiguous genitalia 
D) Polyploidy 
E) Duplications 
A) Trisomies 
B) Neural tube defects 
C) Ambiguous genitalia 
D) Polyploidy 
E) Duplications

Which of the following anomalies can be attributed to a disturbance in tissue resorption?

Phocomelia results from exposure to which human teratogen?

Amniotic mesoderm is situated most closely to the _______________.

Which of the following is responsible for the largest percentage of congenital malformations?

Administration of supplemental folic acid has markedly reduced the incidence of _______________.

Phocomelia is most likely to be seen after maternal exposure to which of the following teratogenic agents during the first trimester of pregnancy?

What percentage of congenital malformations is due to unknown causes?

Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?

What was the earliest recognized cause of human birth defects?

Anencephaly is associated with a deficiency of ____________ in the maternal diet.

Folic acid deficiency is now thought to be a major cause of what class of malformations?

Getting Ready for Pregnancy

Transport of Gametes and Fertilization

Cleavage and Implantation

Molecular Basis for Embryonic Development

Formation of Germ Layers and Early Derivatives

Establishment of the Basic Embryonic Body Plan

Placenta and Extraembryonic Membranes

Integumentary, skeletal, and Muscular Systems

Limb Development

Nervous System

Neural Crest

Sense Organs

Head and Neck

Digestive and Respiratory Systems and Body Cavities

Urogenital System

Cardiovascular System

Fetal Period and Birth

Filters

Exam 8: Developmental Disorders: Causes, mechanisms, and Patterns

Which of the following anomalies can be attributed to a disturbance in tissue resorption?

Phocomelia results from exposure to which human teratogen?

Amniotic mesoderm is situated most closely to the _______________.

Which of the following is responsible for the largest percentage of congenital malformations?

Administration of supplemental folic acid has markedly reduced the incidence of _______________.

Phocomelia is most likely to be seen after maternal exposure to which of the following teratogenic agents during the first trimester of pregnancy?

What percentage of congenital malformations is due to unknown causes?

Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?

What was the earliest recognized cause of human birth defects?

Anencephaly is associated with a deficiency of ____________ in the maternal diet.

Folic acid deficiency is now thought to be a major cause of what class of malformations?

Getting Ready for Pregnancy

Transport of Gametes and Fertilization

Cleavage and Implantation

Molecular Basis for Embryonic Development

Formation of Germ Layers and Early Derivatives

Establishment of the Basic Embryonic Body Plan

Placenta and Extraembryonic Membranes

Integumentary, skeletal, and Muscular Systems

Limb Development

Nervous System

Neural Crest

Sense Organs

Head and Neck

Digestive and Respiratory Systems and Body Cavities

Urogenital System

Cardiovascular System

Fetal Period and Birth

Filters