Question 1

Construct-related evidence of validity would be provided by:

Accepted Answer

A)  favorable review by experts 
B)  correlations with other variables as predicted 
C)  demonstrating that scores are predictably changed by training 
D)  all of the above 
A)  favorable review by experts 
B)  correlations with other variables as predicted 
C)  demonstrating that scores are predictably changed by training 
D)  all of the above D

Question 2

Instruments that use direct observation are highly vulnerable to observer differences in scoring.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  An instrument may or may not be valid. 
B)  Interpretations made from an instrument may or may not be valid. 
C)  Widely used instruments can be assumed to be valid. 
D)  Validity is secondary in importance to reliability. 
A)  An instrument may or may not be valid. 
B)  Interpretations made from an instrument may or may not be valid. 
C)  Widely used instruments can be assumed to be valid. 
D)  Validity is secondary in importance to reliability. B

Question 4

Errors of measurement are caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  changes in test items 
B)  changes in the people who take a test 
C)  changes in the administration of the instrument 
D)  all of the above 
A)  changes in test items 
B)  changes in the people who take a test 
C)  changes in the administration of the instrument 
D)  all of the above

Question 5

To obtain evidence of predictive validity, researchers gather instrument data and criterion data without allowing much time to elapse.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Matching
-Expectancy table

Accepted Answer

A)  Validity. 
B)  Reliability. 
C)  Reliability . 
D)  Reliability 
E)  Validity 
A)  Validity. 
B)  Reliability. 
C)  Reliability . 
D)  Reliability 
E)  Validity

Question 7

The longer the time interval between a prediction and the event to be predicted, the:

Accepted Answer

A)  smaller are the chances of making a good prediction 
B)  greater are the chances of making a successful prediction 
C)  fewer the variables there are to be considered 
D)  smaller the standard error 
A)  smaller are the chances of making a good prediction 
B)  greater are the chances of making a successful prediction 
C)  fewer the variables there are to be considered 
D)  smaller the standard error

Question 8

Matching
-Internal consistency

Accepted Answer

A)  Validity. 
B)  Reliability. 
C)  Reliability . 
D)  Reliability 
E)  Validity 
A)  Validity. 
B)  Reliability. 
C)  Reliability . 
D)  Reliability 
E)  Validity

Question 9

Which of the following is not a means of assessing internal consistency?

Accepted Answer

A)  the split-half method 
B)  test-retest method 
C)  the Kuder-Richardson method 
D)  the alpha method 
A)  the split-half method 
B)  test-retest method 
C)  the Kuder-Richardson method 
D)  the alpha method

Question 10

The validity of scores on a teacher-made classroom achievement test should be appraised in terms of:

Accepted Answer

A)  its usability and objectivity 
B)  its relation to the content and objectives of the course 
C)  the adequacy of its standardization 
D)  the discrimination and difficulty level of its items 
A)  its usability and objectivity 
B)  its relation to the content and objectives of the course 
C)  the adequacy of its standardization 
D)  the discrimination and difficulty level of its items

Question 11

Determining split-half reliability requires that:

Accepted Answer

A)  each student's test be scored twice 
B)  some students be given half the items, others the remainder 
C)  half the students be given Form A, the rest Form B 
D)  each student be tested twice 
A)  each student's test be scored twice 
B)  some students be given half the items, others the remainder 
C)  half the students be given Form A, the rest Form B 
D)  each student be tested twice

Question 12

Criterion-related evidence of validity can be shown by:

Accepted Answer

A)  the alpha coefficient 
B)  the expectancy table 
C)  the Spearman-Brown formula 
D)  all of the above 
A)  the alpha coefficient 
B)  the expectancy table 
C)  the Spearman-Brown formula 
D)  all of the above

Question 13

Matching
-Construct-related evidence

Accepted Answer

A)  Validity. 
B)  Reliability. 
C)  Reliability . 
D)  Reliability 
E)  Validity 
A)  Validity. 
B)  Reliability. 
C)  Reliability . 
D)  Reliability 
E)  Validity

Question 14

A commonsense definition of validity refers to an instrument that:

Accepted Answer

A)  yields consistent results on subsequent applications 
B)  has been adequately standardized and has norms available 
C)  measures what it is supposed to measure 
D)  discriminates adequately among high and low scorers 
A)  yields consistent results on subsequent applications 
B)  has been adequately standardized and has norms available 
C)  measures what it is supposed to measure 
D)  discriminates adequately among high and low scorers

Question 15

Validity and reliability are not applicable to qualitative resear

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following items logically measures "respect for differing cultures"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Asian Americans should have to pay taxes Agree Disagree 
B)  Asian Americans contributed to building our railroads Agree Disagree 
C)  Asian Americans should be required to speak English only Agree Disagree 
D)  Asian Americans should be required to attend school Agree Disagree 
A)  Asian Americans should have to pay taxes Agree Disagree 
B)  Asian Americans contributed to building our railroads Agree Disagree 
C)  Asian Americans should be required to speak English only Agree Disagree 
D)  Asian Americans should be required to attend school Agree Disagree

Question 17

Which of the following would be considered evidence of validity for a test of "hostility"?

Accepted Answer

A)  A correlation of .10 with teacher ratings of hostile behavior 
B)  A much higher average score following a frustrating experience 
C)  A retest correlation of .50 
D)  A correlation of .70 with GPA 
A)  A correlation of .10 with teacher ratings of hostile behavior 
B)  A much higher average score following a frustrating experience 
C)  A retest correlation of .50 
D)  A correlation of .70 with GPA

Question 18

The equivalent forms method yields a reliability coefficient.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following would be a way of assessing unreliability due to content and time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Administering a reading test (Form X) on Monday and again on Friday 
B)  Administering a reading test (Form X) on Monday and calculating a split-half correlation 
C)  Administering a reading test (Form X) on Monday and Form Y on Friday 
D)  Administering a reading test (Form X) on Monday and calculating alpha 
A)  Administering a reading test (Form X) on Monday and again on Friday 
B)  Administering a reading test (Form X) on Monday and calculating a split-half correlation 
C)  Administering a reading test (Form X) on Monday and Form Y on Friday 
D)  Administering a reading test (Form X) on Monday and calculating alpha

Question 20

Which of the following would be considered evidence of validity of observer ratings of social adjustment?

Accepted Answer

A)  A correlation of .80 between two observers 
B)  A correlation of .50 with peer nominations for class president 
C)  A correlation of .10 with a test of social adjustment 
D)  A correlation of .70 with a test of mechanical aptitude 
A)  A correlation of .80 between two observers 
B)  A correlation of .50 with peer nominations for class president 
C)  A correlation of .10 with a test of social adjustment 
D)  A correlation of .70 with a test of mechanical aptitude

Exam 8: Validity and Reliability

Construct-related evidence of validity would be provided by:

Instruments that use direct observation are highly vulnerable to observer differences in scoring.

Which of the following statements is correct?

Errors of measurement are caused by:

To obtain evidence of predictive validity, researchers gather instrument data and criterion data without allowing much time to elapse.

Matching -Expectancy table

The longer the time interval between a prediction and the event to be predicted, the:

Matching -Internal consistency

Which of the following is not a means of assessing internal consistency?

The validity of scores on a teacher-made classroom achievement test should be appraised in terms of:

Determining split-half reliability requires that:

Criterion-related evidence of validity can be shown by:

Matching -Construct-related evidence

A commonsense definition of validity refers to an instrument that:

Validity and reliability are not applicable to qualitative resear

Which of the following items logically measures "respect for differing cultures"?

Which of the following would be considered evidence of validity for a test of "hostility"?

The equivalent forms method yields a reliability coefficient.

Which of the following would be a way of assessing unreliability due to content and time?

Which of the following would be considered evidence of validity of observer ratings of social adjustment?

The Nature of Research

The Research Problem

Locating and Reviewing the Literature

Ethics and Research

Variables and Hypotheses

Sampling

Instrumentation

Internal Validity

Descriptive Statistics

Inferential Statistics

Statistics in Perspective

Experimental Research

Single-Subject Research

Correlational Research

Causal-Comparative Research

Survey Research

The Nature of Qualitative Research

Observation and Interviewing

Content Analysis

Ethnographic Research

Historical Research

Mixed-Methods Research

Action Research

Preparing Research Proposals and Reports

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