Question 1

Plasma renin activity is lower than normal in patients with

Accepted Answer

A)  hemorrhagic shock 
B)  essential hypertension 
C)  congestive heart failure 
D)  hypertension caused by aortic constriction above the renal arteries 
A)  hemorrhagic shock 
B)  essential hypertension 
C)  congestive heart failure 
D)  hypertension caused by aortic constriction above the renal arteries B

Question 2

-At which site is the composition of tubular fluid closest to that of plasma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Site A 
B)  Site B 
C)  Site C 
D)  Site D 
E)  Site $\mathrm{E}$ 
A)  Site A 
B)  Site B 
C)  Site C 
D)  Site D 
E)  Site $\mathrm{E}$ A

Question 3

Which gastrointestinal secretion is hypotonic, has a high $\left[\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}\right]$, and has its production inhibited by vagotomy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Saliva 
B)  Gastric secretion 
C)  Pancreatic secretion 
D)  Bile 
A)  Saliva 
B)  Gastric secretion 
C)  Pancreatic secretion 
D)  Bile A

Question 4

Hypoxia causes vasoconstriction in which of the following vascular beds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cerebral 
B)  Coronary 
C)  Muscle 
D)  Pulmonary 
E)  Skin 
A)  Cerebral 
B)  Coronary 
C)  Muscle 
D)  Pulmonary 
E)  Skin

Question 5

Arterial $\mathrm{pH}$ of 7.52, arterial $\mathrm{PCO}_{2}$ of $26 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}$, and tingling and numbness in the feet and hands would be observed in a

Accepted Answer

A)  patient with chronic diabetic ketoacidosis 
B)  patient with chronic renal failure 
C)  patient with chronic emphysema and bronchitis 
D)  patient who hyperventilates on a commuter flight 
E)  patient who is taking a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor for glaucoma
F) patient with a pyloric obstruction who vomits for 5 days
G) healthy person 
A)  patient with chronic diabetic ketoacidosis 
B)  patient with chronic renal failure 
C)  patient with chronic emphysema and bronchitis 
D)  patient who hyperventilates on a commuter flight 
E)  patient who is taking a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor for glaucoma
F) patient with a pyloric obstruction who vomits for 5 days
G) healthy person

Question 6

Which of the following responses occurs as a result of tapping on the patellar tendon?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stimulation of Ib afferent fibers in the muscle spindle 
B)  Inhibition of Ia afferent fibers in the muscle spindle 
C)  Relaxation of the quadriceps muscle 
D)  Contraction of the quadriceps muscle 
E)  Inhibition of $\alpha$-motoneurons 
A)  Stimulation of Ib afferent fibers in the muscle spindle 
B)  Inhibition of Ia afferent fibers in the muscle spindle 
C)  Relaxation of the quadriceps muscle 
D)  Contraction of the quadriceps muscle 
E)  Inhibition of $\alpha$-motoneurons

Question 7

Which of the following would cause an increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Constriction of the afferent arteriole 
B)  Constriction of the efferent arteriole 
C)  Constriction of the ureter 
D)  Increased plasma protein concentration 
E)  Infusion of inulin 
A)  Constriction of the afferent arteriole 
B)  Constriction of the efferent arteriole 
C)  Constriction of the ureter 
D)  Increased plasma protein concentration 
E)  Infusion of inulin

Question 8

Which phase of the cardiac cycle is absent if there is no $\mathrm{P}$ wave on the electrocardiogram (ECG)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atrial systole 
B)  Isovolumetric ventricular contraction 
C)  Rapid ventricular ejection 
D)  Reduced ventricular ejection 
E)  Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
F) Rapid ventricular filling
G) Reduced ventricular filling 
A)  Atrial systole 
B)  Isovolumetric ventricular contraction 
C)  Rapid ventricular ejection 
D)  Reduced ventricular ejection 
E)  Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
F) Rapid ventricular filling
G) Reduced ventricular filling

Question 9

Compared with the base of the lung, in a person who is standing, the apex of the lung has

Accepted Answer

A)  a higher ventilation rate 
B)  a higher perfusion rate 
C)  a higher ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio 
D)  the sameV/Q ratio 
E)  a lower pulmonary capillary $\mathrm{PO}_{2}$ 
A)  a higher ventilation rate 
B)  a higher perfusion rate 
C)  a higher ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio 
D)  the sameV/Q ratio 
E)  a lower pulmonary capillary $\mathrm{PO}_{2}$

Question 10

Inhibition of which enzyme in the steroid hormone synthetic pathway reduces the size of the prostate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aldosterone synthase 
B)  Aromatase 
C)  Cholesterol desmolase 
D)  17,20-Lyase 
E)  $5 \alpha$-Reductase 
A)  Aldosterone synthase 
B)  Aromatase 
C)  Cholesterol desmolase 
D)  17,20-Lyase 
E)  $5 \alpha$-Reductase

Question 11

A 32-year-old woman who is thirsty has a urine osmolarity of $950 \mathrm{mOsm} / \mathrm{L}$ and a serum osmolarity of $297 \mathrm{mOsm} / \mathrm{L}$. Which diagnosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Primary polydipsia 
B)  Central diabetes insipidus 
C)  Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus 
D)  Water deprivation 
E)  Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) 
A)  Primary polydipsia 
B)  Central diabetes insipidus 
C)  Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus 
D)  Water deprivation 
E)  Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)

Question 12

-At which site is the tubular fluid osmolarity lower than the plasma osmolarity in a person who is deprived of water?

Accepted Answer

A)  Site A 
B)  Site B 
C)  Site C 
D)  Site D 
E)  Site E 
A)  Site A 
B)  Site B 
C)  Site C 
D)  Site D 
E)  Site E

Question 13

A 30-year-old woman has the anterior lobe of her pituitary gland surgically removed because of a tumor. Without hormone replacement therapy, which of the following would occur after the operation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Absence of menses 
B)  Inability to concentrate the urine in response to water deprivation 
C)  Failure to secrete catecholamines in response to stress 
D)  Failure to secrete insulin in a glucose tolerance test 
E)  Failure to secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) in response to hypocalcemia 
A)  Absence of menses 
B)  Inability to concentrate the urine in response to water deprivation 
C)  Failure to secrete catecholamines in response to stress 
D)  Failure to secrete insulin in a glucose tolerance test 
E)  Failure to secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) in response to hypocalcemia

Question 14

The following graph shows three relationships as a function of plasma [glucose]. At plasma [glucose] less than 200 $\mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{dL}$, curves $\mathrm{X}$ and $\mathrm{Z}$ are superimposed on each other because

Accepted Answer

A)  the reabsorption and excretion of glucose are equal 
B)  all of the filtered glucose is reabsorbed 
C)  glucose reabsorption is saturated 
D)  the renal threshold for glucose has been exceeded 
E)  $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$-glucose cotransport has been inhibited
F) all of the filtered glucose is excreted 
A)  the reabsorption and excretion of glucose are equal 
B)  all of the filtered glucose is reabsorbed 
C)  glucose reabsorption is saturated 
D)  the renal threshold for glucose has been exceeded 
E)  $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$-glucose cotransport has been inhibited
F) all of the filtered glucose is excreted

Question 15

In which of the following situations will arterial $\mathrm{PO}_{2}$ be closest to $100 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}$ ?

Accepted Answer

A)  A person who is having a severe asthmatic attack 
B)  A person who lives at high altitude 
C)  A person who has a right-to-left cardiac shunt 
D)  A person who has a left-to-right cardiac shunt 
E)  A person who has pulmonary fibrosis 
A)  A person who is having a severe asthmatic attack 
B)  A person who lives at high altitude 
C)  A person who has a right-to-left cardiac shunt 
D)  A person who has a left-to-right cardiac shunt 
E)  A person who has pulmonary fibrosis

Question 16

Which of the following would be expected to increase after surgical removal of the duodenum?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gastric emptying 
B)  Secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK) 
C)  Secretion of secretin 
D)  Contraction of the gallbladder 
E)  Absorption of lipids 
A)  Gastric emptying 
B)  Secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK) 
C)  Secretion of secretin 
D)  Contraction of the gallbladder 
E)  Absorption of lipids

Question 17

A 17-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department after being injured in an automobile accident and sustaining significant blood loss. He is given a transfusion of 3 units of blood to stabilize his blood pressure.
-Which of the following is a consequence of the decrease in blood volume in this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased renal perfusion pressure 
B)  Increased circulating levels of angiotensin II 
C)  Decreased renal $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$reabsorption 
D)  Decreased renal $\mathrm{K}^{+}$secretion 
A)  Increased renal perfusion pressure 
B)  Increased circulating levels of angiotensin II 
C)  Decreased renal $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$reabsorption 
D)  Decreased renal $\mathrm{K}^{+}$secretion

Question 18

THE FOLLOWING DIAGRAM APPLIES TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
  
-During which labeled wave or segment of the electrocardiogram (ECG) are both the atria and the ventricles completely repolarized?

Accepted Answer

A)  $\mathrm{A}$ 
B)  $\mathrm{B}$ 
C)  $\mathrm{C}$ 
D)  $\mathrm{D}$ 
E)  $\mathrm{E}$ 
A)  $\mathrm{A}$ 
B)  $\mathrm{B}$ 
C)  $\mathrm{C}$ 
D)  $\mathrm{D}$ 
E)  $\mathrm{E}$

Question 19

Which of the following substances has the lowest renal clearance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Creatinine 
B)  Glucose 
C)  $\mathrm{K}^{+}$ 
D)  $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$ 
E)  Para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) 
A)  Creatinine 
B)  Glucose 
C)  $\mathrm{K}^{+}$ 
D)  $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$ 
E)  Para-aminohippuric acid (PAH)

Question 20

Which diuretic causes increased urinary excretion of $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$and $\mathrm{K}^{+}$and decreased urinary excretion of $\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}$ ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acetazolamide 
B)  Chlorothiazide 
C)  Furosemide 
D)  Spironolactone 
A)  Acetazolamide 
B)  Chlorothiazide 
C)  Furosemide 
D)  Spironolactone

Plasma renin activity is lower than normal in patients with

-At which site is the composition of tubular fluid closest to that of plasma?

Which gastrointestinal secretion is hypotonic, has a high $\left[\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}\right]$ , and has its production inhibited by vagotomy?

Hypoxia causes vasoconstriction in which of the following vascular beds?

Arterial $\mathrm{pH}$ of 7.52, arterial $\mathrm{PCO}_{2}$ of $26 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}$ , and tingling and numbness in the feet and hands would be observed in a

Which of the following responses occurs as a result of tapping on the patellar tendon?

Which of the following would cause an increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Which phase of the cardiac cycle is absent if there is no $\mathrm{P}$ wave on the electrocardiogram (ECG)?

Compared with the base of the lung, in a person who is standing, the apex of the lung has

Inhibition of which enzyme in the steroid hormone synthetic pathway reduces the size of the prostate?

A 32-year-old woman who is thirsty has a urine osmolarity of $950 \mathrm{mOsm} / \mathrm{L}$ and a serum osmolarity of $297 \mathrm{mOsm} / \mathrm{L}$ . Which diagnosis is correct?

-At which site is the tubular fluid osmolarity lower than the plasma osmolarity in a person who is deprived of water?

A 30-year-old woman has the anterior lobe of her pituitary gland surgically removed because of a tumor. Without hormone replacement therapy, which of the following would occur after the operation?

In which of the following situations will arterial $\mathrm{PO}_{2}$ be closest to $100 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}$ ?

Which of the following would be expected to increase after surgical removal of the duodenum?

THE FOLLOWING DIAGRAM APPLIES TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS -During which labeled wave or segment of the electrocardiogram (ECG) are both the atria and the ventricles completely repolarized?

Which of the following substances has the lowest renal clearance?

Which diuretic causes increased urinary excretion of $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$ and $\mathrm{K}^{+}$ and decreased urinary excretion of $\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}$ ?

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Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

Renal and Acidbase Physiology

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Exam 8: Comprehensive Examination

Plasma renin activity is lower than normal in patients with

-At which site is the composition of tubular fluid closest to that of plasma?

Which gastrointestinal secretion is hypotonic, has a high [HCO3−]\left[\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}\right][HCO3−​] , and has its production inhibited by vagotomy?

Hypoxia causes vasoconstriction in which of the following vascular beds?

Arterial pH\mathrm{pH}pH of 7.52, arterial PCO2\mathrm{PCO}_{2}PCO2​ of 26 mmHg26 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}26 mmHg , and tingling and numbness in the feet and hands would be observed in a

Which of the following responses occurs as a result of tapping on the patellar tendon?

Which of the following would cause an increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Which phase of the cardiac cycle is absent if there is no P\mathrm{P}P wave on the electrocardiogram (ECG)?

Compared with the base of the lung, in a person who is standing, the apex of the lung has

Inhibition of which enzyme in the steroid hormone synthetic pathway reduces the size of the prostate?

A 32-year-old woman who is thirsty has a urine osmolarity of 950mOsm/L950 \mathrm{mOsm} / \mathrm{L}950mOsm/L and a serum osmolarity of 297mOsm/L297 \mathrm{mOsm} / \mathrm{L}297mOsm/L . Which diagnosis is correct?

-At which site is the tubular fluid osmolarity lower than the plasma osmolarity in a person who is deprived of water?

A 30-year-old woman has the anterior lobe of her pituitary gland surgically removed because of a tumor. Without hormone replacement therapy, which of the following would occur after the operation?

The following graph shows three relationships as a function of plasma [glucose]. At plasma [glucose] less than 200 mg/dL\mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{dL}mg/dL , curves X\mathrm{X}X and Z\mathrm{Z}Z are superimposed on each other because

In which of the following situations will arterial PO2\mathrm{PO}_{2}PO2​ be closest to 100 mmHg100 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}100 mmHg ?

Which of the following would be expected to increase after surgical removal of the duodenum?

THE FOLLOWING DIAGRAM APPLIES TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS -During which labeled wave or segment of the electrocardiogram (ECG) are both the atria and the ventricles completely repolarized?

Which of the following substances has the lowest renal clearance?

Which diuretic causes increased urinary excretion of Na+\mathrm{Na}^{+}Na+ and K+\mathrm{K}^{+}K+ and decreased urinary excretion of Ca2+\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}Ca2+ ?

Cell Physiology

Neurophysiology

Cardiovascular Physiology

Respiratory Physiology

Renal and Acidbase Physiology

Gastrointestinal Physiology

Endocrine Physiology

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Which gastrointestinal secretion is hypotonic, has a high $\left[\mathrm{HCO}_{3}^{-}\right]$ , and has its production inhibited by vagotomy?

Arterial $\mathrm{pH}$ of 7.52, arterial $\mathrm{PCO}_{2}$ of $26 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}$ , and tingling and numbness in the feet and hands would be observed in a

Which phase of the cardiac cycle is absent if there is no $\mathrm{P}$ wave on the electrocardiogram (ECG)?

A 32-year-old woman who is thirsty has a urine osmolarity of $950 \mathrm{mOsm} / \mathrm{L}$ and a serum osmolarity of $297 \mathrm{mOsm} / \mathrm{L}$ . Which diagnosis is correct?

In which of the following situations will arterial $\mathrm{PO}_{2}$ be closest to $100 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}$ ?

Which diuretic causes increased urinary excretion of $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$ and $\mathrm{K}^{+}$ and decreased urinary excretion of $\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}$ ?