Exam 10: Transaction Management and Concurrency Control

A growing phase in a two-phase lock is when a transaction acquires all the required locks without locking any data.

Most real-world database transactions are formed by only one database request.

In a page-level lock, the DBMS will lock an entire diskpage.

One of the three most common data integrity and consistency problems is _____.

A(n) _____ phase in a two phase lock is when a transaction releases all locks and cannot obtain a new lock.

A _____ lock will lock the entire diskpage.

A consistent database state is one in which all _____.

To determine the appropriate order of the operations, the scheduler bases its actions on concurrency control algorithms, such as _____ or time stamping methods.

A scheduler facilitates data isolation to ensure that two transactions do not update the same data element at the same time.

_____ means that data used during the execution of a transaction cannot be used by a second transaction until the first one is completed.

The implicit beginning of a transaction is when _____.

The scheduler's main job is to create a(n) _____ of a transaction's operation, in which the interleaved executions of transactions yield the same results as if the transactions were executed in serial order.

Most multiuser _____ automatically initiate and enforce locking procedures, where all locking information is managed by the lock manager.

In the optimistic approach, during the _____ phase, changes are permanently applied to the database.

_____ requires that all operations of a transaction be completed.

Serializability means that data used during the execution of a transaction cannot be used by a second transaction until the first one is completed.

Durability requires that all portions of the transaction must be treated as a single, logical unit of work in which all operations are applied and completed to produce a consistent database.

A(n) _____ condition occurs when two or more transactions wait for each other to unlock data.

Although the DBMS is designed to recover a database to a previous consistent state when an interruption prevents the completion of a required set of transactions, the transactions themselves are defined by the end user or programmer and must be _____ correct.

What are the three basic techniques to control deadlocks?