Exam 3: The Greeks: From Myth to Reason

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The term "polis" refers to the city-state in ancient Greece. The polis was a self-governing community that consisted of a city and its surrounding countryside. The polis was the central political, social, and cultural unit of ancient Greek society.

Who: The polis was made up of citizens who were free, native-born males. Women, slaves, and non-citizens did not have the same rights and privileges within the polis.

What: The polis was a self-governing community with its own laws, government, and institutions. It was also a center for economic, religious, and cultural activities.

Where: The polis was located in various regions of ancient Greece, including Athens, Sparta, and Thebes.

When: The concept of the polis emerged in the Archaic period of ancient Greece (8th to 6th centuries BCE) and continued to be a fundamental aspect of Greek society throughout the Classical period (5th to 4th centuries BCE).

Why Important: The polis was important because it laid the foundation for the development of democratic governance, political participation, and civic identity in ancient Greece. It also fostered the flourishing of art, philosophy, and literature, and contributed to the spread of Greek culture and influence throughout the Mediterranean world.

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Sophocles was an ancient Greek playwright who lived from 496-406 BC. He is best known for his tragedies, including Oedipus Rex and Antigone. Sophocles was born in Colonus, near Athens, and spent much of his life in the city-state. He is important because he is considered one of the three great Greek tragedians, along with Aeschylus and Euripides, and his works continue to be studied and performed to this day. His plays explore themes of fate, morality, and the human condition, and his innovative use of dramatic techniques had a lasting impact on the development of Western theater.