Question 1

-Based on the phylogeny shown, which species is not a tree but has seeds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ginkgo 
B)  Fern 
C)  Rose 
D)  Oak 
A)  Ginkgo 
B)  Fern 
C)  Rose 
D)  Oak C

Question 2

Which of the following are properties of eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Compartmentalization 
B)  Multicellularity 
C)  Peptidoglycan in cell wall 
D)  Sexual reproduction 
A)  Compartmentalization 
B)  Multicellularity 
C)  Peptidoglycan in cell wall 
D)  Sexual reproduction A, B, D

Question 3

One day after a biology class four of your friends argue about the difference between phylogeny and systematics. Which friend is right?

Accepted Answer

A)  Friend A states that systematics and phylogenies are really the same, one is more recent than the other, but basically they are the same. 
B)  Friend B says that systematics is the same as cladistics and cladistics is reconstructing clades, which ultimately lead to the development of phylogenies. 
C)  Friend C argues that systematics is the actual collecting and cataloguing of specimens into museums that can be used later by scientists to construct clades and phylogenies. 
D)  Friend D says that the way she remembers is that systematics is the reconstruction and study of phylogenies. 
A)  Friend A states that systematics and phylogenies are really the same, one is more recent than the other, but basically they are the same. 
B)  Friend B says that systematics is the same as cladistics and cladistics is reconstructing clades, which ultimately lead to the development of phylogenies. 
C)  Friend C argues that systematics is the actual collecting and cataloguing of specimens into museums that can be used later by scientists to construct clades and phylogenies. 
D)  Friend D says that the way she remembers is that systematics is the reconstruction and study of phylogenies. D

Question 4

There are many features that distinguish bacteria and archaea. Which of the following is/are characteristic of bacteria, but not archaea?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protein synthesis begins with formyl-methionine 
B)  Presence of membrane bound organelles. 
C)  Growth inhibited by streptomycin and chloramphenicol. 
D)  Peptidoglycan in cell wall. 
E)  Nuclear envelope. 
A)  Protein synthesis begins with formyl-methionine 
B)  Presence of membrane bound organelles. 
C)  Growth inhibited by streptomycin and chloramphenicol. 
D)  Peptidoglycan in cell wall. 
E)  Nuclear envelope.

Question 5

-Indicate the phylogenies that show the same relationship as the phylogeny above.

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)

Question 6

The figures show alternative phylogenies of HIV strains in a victim who was infected with HIV+ blood and in potential sources of the blood (the patient) and HIV strains in members of the community. Choose the true statement(s) about the evolution of this HIV strain.

Accepted Answer

A)  Figure 1 supports that the victim contracted HIV from the patient, and Figure 2 supports that the victim contracted HIV from someone in the community. 
B)  Figure 1 supports that the victim contracted HIV from someone in the community, and Figure 2 supports that the victim contracted HIV from the patient. 
C)  Figure 1 supports that the HIV strain mutated into a new strain inside the victim's body, and Figure 2 supports that HIV did not mutate into a new strain inside the victim's body. 
D)  Figure 1 supports that the HIV strain did not mutate into a new strain inside the victim's body, and Figure 2 supports that HIV mutated into a new strain inside the victim's body. 
A)  Figure 1 supports that the victim contracted HIV from the patient, and Figure 2 supports that the victim contracted HIV from someone in the community. 
B)  Figure 1 supports that the victim contracted HIV from someone in the community, and Figure 2 supports that the victim contracted HIV from the patient. 
C)  Figure 1 supports that the HIV strain mutated into a new strain inside the victim's body, and Figure 2 supports that HIV did not mutate into a new strain inside the victim's body. 
D)  Figure 1 supports that the HIV strain did not mutate into a new strain inside the victim's body, and Figure 2 supports that HIV mutated into a new strain inside the victim's body.

Question 7

The figure shows the evolution of HIV and SIV. Choose the true statements about the evolution of HIV.

Accepted Answer

A)  All strains of HIV are included within clades with SIV strains. 
B)  A strain of HIV is never more closely related to another strain of HIV than it is to a SIV strain. 
C)  Humans acquired different subtypes of HIV from different primate hosts. 
D)  HIV-1 group O is more closely related to SIV-chimpanzee than SIV-gorilla. 
A)  All strains of HIV are included within clades with SIV strains. 
B)  A strain of HIV is never more closely related to another strain of HIV than it is to a SIV strain. 
C)  Humans acquired different subtypes of HIV from different primate hosts. 
D)  HIV-1 group O is more closely related to SIV-chimpanzee than SIV-gorilla.

Question 8

Identify the polyphyletic group.

Accepted Answer

A)  Chloroplasts 
B)  Eukarya 
C)  Bacteria 
D)  Protists 
E)  Archaea 
A)  Chloroplasts 
B)  Eukarya 
C)  Bacteria 
D)  Protists 
E)  Archaea

Question 9

What can you conclude by the observation that chloroplasts are monophyletic?

Accepted Answer

A)  The same cyanobacteria were engulfed by multiple hosts that were ancestral to the red and green algae. 
B)  Aerobic bacteria were engulfed by eukaryotic cells forming plant cells. 
C)  Cyanobacteria were engulfed by all eukaryotic cells. 
D)  Cyanobacteria reproduced by sexual reproduction once engulfed by brown algae leading to the formation of protists. 
A)  The same cyanobacteria were engulfed by multiple hosts that were ancestral to the red and green algae. 
B)  Aerobic bacteria were engulfed by eukaryotic cells forming plant cells. 
C)  Cyanobacteria were engulfed by all eukaryotic cells. 
D)  Cyanobacteria reproduced by sexual reproduction once engulfed by brown algae leading to the formation of protists.

Question 10

Most infectious disease in humans are caused by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteria 
B)  Plantae 
C)  Archaea 
D)  Fungi 
A)  Bacteria 
B)  Plantae 
C)  Archaea 
D)  Fungi

Question 11

Choose the true statement about the morphological data in the chart shown below. The "1" in the box means the trait is present and the "0" indicates that the trait is absent.

Accepted Answer

A)  All organisms in this chart share all of the derived characteristics. 
B)  Only the gorilla and humans share all of the derived characteristics. 
C)  The lamprey is the only outgroup since it shares none of the derived characteristics. 
D)  The salamander and the tiger are outgroups because they only share two of the derived characteristics (jaws and lungs). 
E)  The shark is an outgroup since it only has one of the derived characteristics (jaws). 
A)  All organisms in this chart share all of the derived characteristics. 
B)  Only the gorilla and humans share all of the derived characteristics. 
C)  The lamprey is the only outgroup since it shares none of the derived characteristics. 
D)  The salamander and the tiger are outgroups because they only share two of the derived characteristics (jaws and lungs). 
E)  The shark is an outgroup since it only has one of the derived characteristics (jaws).

Exam 20: Systematics and Phylogeny

-Based on the phylogeny shown, which species is not a tree but has seeds?

Which of the following are properties of eukaryotes?

One day after a biology class four of your friends argue about the difference between phylogeny and systematics. Which friend is right?

There are many features that distinguish bacteria and archaea. Which of the following is/are characteristic of bacteria, but not archaea?

-Indicate the phylogenies that show the same relationship as the phylogeny above.

The figures show alternative phylogenies of HIV strains in a victim who was infected with HIV+ blood and in potential sources of the blood (the patient) and HIV strains in members of the community. Choose the true statement(s) about the evolution of this HIV strain.

The figure shows the evolution of HIV and SIV. Choose the true statements about the evolution of HIV.

Identify the polyphyletic group.

What can you conclude by the observation that chloroplasts are monophyletic?

Most infectious disease in humans are caused by ____.

Choose the true statement about the morphological data in the chart shown below. The "1" in the box means the trait is present and the "0" indicates that the trait is absent.

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Moleculars and the Properties of Water

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide, Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance and DNA: The Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Protists, Prokaryotes and Viruses

Plants and Fungi

Animal Diversity

Vertebrates and Plant Form

Plant Reproduction

The Living Plant

The Animal Biology and How It Moves

The Nervous System

Fueling the Bodys Metabolism

Maintaining Homeostasis

Reproduction and Development

Behavioral Biology

Ecology of Populations

Community Ecology

The Living World

Filters

The figures show alternative phylogenies of HIV strains in a victim who was infected with HIV⁺ blood and in potential sources of the blood (the patient) and HIV strains in members of the community. Choose the true statement(s) about the evolution of this HIV strain.