Question 1

Which of the following statements does NOT relate to sibling rivalry in egret chicks?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eggs hatch asynchronously. 
B)  Successful acquisition of a regurgitated food bolus depends on a chick's vertical positioning in the nest. 
C)  First-hatched chicks are competitively inferior to second-hatched chicks. 
D)  Age-related dominance hierarchies exist among chicks. 
E)  Larger chicks obtain significantly more food than smaller chicks. 
A)  Eggs hatch asynchronously. 
B)  Successful acquisition of a regurgitated food bolus depends on a chick's vertical positioning in the nest. 
C)  First-hatched chicks are competitively inferior to second-hatched chicks. 
D)  Age-related dominance hierarchies exist among chicks. 
E)  Larger chicks obtain significantly more food than smaller chicks. C

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a prediction of Emlen's evolutionary theory of the family model?

Accepted Answer

A)  Help with rearing offspring should not be the norm. 
B)  Help will be expressed to the greatest extent between closest genetic relatives. 
C)  Family members will reduce their investment in future offspring after a parent finds a new mate. 
D)  Increasing symmetry of kinship will lead to increased sharing of reproduction. 
E)  Stepparents will invest less in existing offspring than will biological parents. 
A)  Help with rearing offspring should not be the norm. 
B)  Help will be expressed to the greatest extent between closest genetic relatives. 
C)  Family members will reduce their investment in future offspring after a parent finds a new mate. 
D)  Increasing symmetry of kinship will lead to increased sharing of reproduction. 
E)  Stepparents will invest less in existing offspring than will biological parents. A

Question 3

Which of the following statements regarding Haig's theory of in-utero parentoffspring conflict is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Maternal genes should be selected to transfer as many nutrients to the fetus as it requires. 
B)  Hormones produced by the placenta manipulate the in-utero environment in ways that benefit the fetus at a cost to the mother. 
C)  Fetal-derived cells cannot invade the maternal endometrium during implantation. 
D)  Selection will not favor maternal genes that code for resisting invasion of the endometrium by fetal-derived tissues. 
E)  Fetal genes should be selected to respect the maternal optimum for nutrient transfer to preserve the mother's future reproductive success. 
A)  Maternal genes should be selected to transfer as many nutrients to the fetus as it requires. 
B)  Hormones produced by the placenta manipulate the in-utero environment in ways that benefit the fetus at a cost to the mother. 
C)  Fetal-derived cells cannot invade the maternal endometrium during implantation. 
D)  Selection will not favor maternal genes that code for resisting invasion of the endometrium by fetal-derived tissues. 
E)  Fetal genes should be selected to respect the maternal optimum for nutrient transfer to preserve the mother's future reproductive success. B

Question 4

In this chapter, you were introduced to optimal skew models as they apply to the partitioning of reproduction amongst members of a group. Obtain a copy of Clutton-Brock's (1998) review of reproductive skew entitled "Reproductive Skew, Concessions, and Limited Control" (Trends in Ecology and Evolution, vol. 13, pp. 288-292); and Clutton-Brock and colleagues' (2001) paper, "Cooperation, Concession, and Control in Meerkat Groups" (Science, vol. 291, pp. 478-481). What is the distinction between limited control and optimal models of reproductive skew? Develop an experimental strategy complete with controls that you think will discriminate between these two models in cooperatively breeding animals.

Accepted Answer

The distinction between limited control

Question 5

As you become more familiar with the literature in behavioral ecology, you will encounter the terms "individual fitness" and "inclusive fitness" with increasing frequency. What is the primary difference between individual and inclusive fitness?

Accepted Answer

The primary difference between individua

Question 6

Rule-of-thumb models of kin recognition rely on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  utilizing major histocompatibility complex (MH
C)  similarity 
B)  matching against a template that would indicate kin vs. nonkin 
C)  evaluating genetic similarity through visual cues 
D)  treating individuals like kin as long as they live in your nest or territory 
E)  determining kin based on an acceptance/rejection threshold 
A)  utilizing major histocompatibility complex (MH
C)  similarity 
B)  matching against a template that would indicate kin vs. nonkin 
C)  evaluating genetic similarity through visual cues 
D)  treating individuals like kin as long as they live in your nest or territory 
E)  determining kin based on an acceptance/rejection threshold

Question 7

Eusociality in bees should be associated with:

Accepted Answer

A)  limited polyandry. 
B)  extensive polyandry. 
C)  monandry. 
D)  promiscuity. 
E)  monogamy. 
A)  limited polyandry. 
B)  extensive polyandry. 
C)  monandry. 
D)  promiscuity. 
E)  monogamy.

Question 8

The coefficient of relatedness between first cousins is

Accepted Answer

A)  0.500. 
B)  0.100. 
C)  0.250. 
D)  0.125. 
E)  0.333. 
A)  0.500. 
B)  0.100. 
C)  0.250. 
D)  0.125. 
E)  0.333.

Question 9

Hamilton's rule states that a gene that codes for assisting others will increase in frequency when:

Accepted Answer

A) $\left(\sum^A_1 rb\right)+c>0$ B) $\left(\sum^A_1 rb\right)- c>0$ C) $\left(\sum^A_1 rc\right)+b>0$ D) $\left(\sum^A_1 rb\right)- c<0$ E) $\left(\sum^A_1 r\right)- bc<0$ A) $\left(\sum^A_1 rb\right)+c>0$ B) $\left(\sum^A_1 rb\right)- c>0$ C) $\left(\sum^A_1 rc\right)+b>0$ D) $\left(\sum^A_1 rb\right)- c<0$ E) $\left(\sum^A_1 r\right)- bc<0$

Question 10

Haplodiploid genetic systems have which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Females are diploid; males are haploid. 
B)  Sisters and brothers are related to one another by an average coefficient of relatedness of r = 0.375. 
C)  Only the queen is diploid; worker females and males are haploid. 
D)  Sisters are related to one another by an average coefficient of relatedness of r = 0.75. 
E)  a and d 
A)  Females are diploid; males are haploid. 
B)  Sisters and brothers are related to one another by an average coefficient of relatedness of r = 0.375. 
C)  Only the queen is diploid; worker females and males are haploid. 
D)  Sisters are related to one another by an average coefficient of relatedness of r = 0.75. 
E)  a and d

Question 11

Develop a scenario for how internal matching templates for kin recognition could be generated by genetic mechanisms, learning, and social learning. Also, based on your readings for Discussion Question 2 in Chapter 5, how might Darwinian algorithms relate to the development of kin recognition templates?

Accepted Answer

One possible scenario for how internal m

Question 12

What is the difference between haploid, diploid, and haplodiploid genetic systems? With this difference in mind, describe why females are related to sisters by a coefficient of r = 0.75 and to brothers by a coefficient of r = 0.25 in haplodiploid systems. Based on what you learned in this chapter, what kinds of consequences could differences in relatedness have for colony dynamics in haplodiploid systems? For example, how might relatedness influence the distribution of reproductive opportunity, aggression, and cooperation?

Accepted Answer

Haploid, diploid, and haplodiploid genet

Question 13

The building blocks for Emlen's predictions of family dynamics are:

Accepted Answer

A)  ecological constraints theory, Mendelian genetics, and kin recognition theory. 
B)  sexual selection theory, natural selection theory, and kin selection theory. 
C)  reproductive skew theory, kin recognition theory, and runaway selection theory. 
D)  natural selection theory, individual learning, and cultural transmission. 
E)  kin selection theory, ecological constraints theory, and reproductive skew theory. 
A)  ecological constraints theory, Mendelian genetics, and kin recognition theory. 
B)  sexual selection theory, natural selection theory, and kin selection theory. 
C)  reproductive skew theory, kin recognition theory, and runaway selection theory. 
D)  natural selection theory, individual learning, and cultural transmission. 
E)  kin selection theory, ecological constraints theory, and reproductive skew theory.

Question 14

The coefficient of relatedness (r) calculates:

Accepted Answer

A)  the absolute number of genes shared by any two individuals. 
B)  differences in the proportion of genes shared by siblings versus cousins. 
C)  the likelihood that certain offspring were sired by a particular male. 
D)  the probability that any two individuals share genes that are identical by descent. 
E)  the overall contribution of kinship to the emergence of certain behavioral patterns. 
A)  the absolute number of genes shared by any two individuals. 
B)  differences in the proportion of genes shared by siblings versus cousins. 
C)  the likelihood that certain offspring were sired by a particular male. 
D)  the probability that any two individuals share genes that are identical by descent. 
E)  the overall contribution of kinship to the emergence of certain behavioral patterns.

Question 15

Describe the parameters "r," "b," and "c" that comprise Hamilton's rule. With respect to each of these parameters, devise a scenario where increased helping behavior might be favored. For instance, think about situations where "b" and "c" are held constant but "r" fluctuates-what types of changes in "r" might promote helping (conduct the same mental exercise for "b" and "c")?

Accepted Answer

Hamilton's rule states that an individua

Question 16

Read the paper by Patterson and colleagues (2008) titled "Embryo Retrieval and Kin Recognition in an Amphipod (Crustacea)" (Animal Behaviour, vol. 76, pp. 717-722). What are your initial thoughts on whether tiny crustaceans have the capacity to recognize kin or engage in maternal care behavior? Given the results of this study, do you suspect that the kin recognition mechanisms in amphipods are highly stringent or relaxed? Develop some hypotheses regarding selection pressures that might underlie the rigidity of kin recognition mechanisms in these small crustaceans.

Accepted Answer

After reading the paper by Patterson and

Which of the following statements does NOT relate to sibling rivalry in egret chicks?

Which of the following is NOT a prediction of Emlen's evolutionary theory of the family model?

Which of the following statements regarding Haig's theory of in-utero parentoffspring conflict is true?

As you become more familiar with the literature in behavioral ecology, you will encounter the terms "individual fitness" and "inclusive fitness" with increasing frequency. What is the primary difference between individual and inclusive fitness?

Rule-of-thumb models of kin recognition rely on which of the following?

Eusociality in bees should be associated with:

The coefficient of relatedness between first cousins is

Hamilton's rule states that a gene that codes for assisting others will increase in frequency when:

Haplodiploid genetic systems have which of the following characteristics?

The building blocks for Emlen's predictions of family dynamics are:

The coefficient of relatedness (r) calculates:

Principles of Animal Behavior

The Evolution of Behavior

Hormones and Neurobiology

Molecular Gene Tics and Development

Learning

Cultural Transmission

Sexual Selection

Mating Systems

Cooperation

Foraging

Antipredator Behavior

Communication

Habitat Selection, Territoriality, and Migration

Aggression

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Animal Personalities

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Exam 9: Kinship

Which of the following statements does NOT relate to sibling rivalry in egret chicks?

Which of the following is NOT a prediction of Emlen's evolutionary theory of the family model?

Which of the following statements regarding Haig's theory of in-utero parentoffspring conflict is true?

As you become more familiar with the literature in behavioral ecology, you will encounter the terms "individual fitness" and "inclusive fitness" with increasing frequency. What is the primary difference between individual and inclusive fitness?

Rule-of-thumb models of kin recognition rely on which of the following?

Eusociality in bees should be associated with:

The coefficient of relatedness between first cousins is

Hamilton's rule states that a gene that codes for assisting others will increase in frequency when:

Haplodiploid genetic systems have which of the following characteristics?

The building blocks for Emlen's predictions of family dynamics are:

The coefficient of relatedness (r) calculates:

Principles of Animal Behavior

The Evolution of Behavior

Hormones and Neurobiology

Molecular Gene Tics and Development

Learning

Cultural Transmission

Sexual Selection

Mating Systems

Cooperation

Foraging

Antipredator Behavior

Communication

Habitat Selection, Territoriality, and Migration

Aggression

Play

Animal Personalities

Filters