Exam 9: Memory Management in Operating Systems: Segmentation, Paging, and Strategies for Efficiency

A ________ reads and executes the control-language statements that define each job as well as helps prepare the system for the next job.

Operating systems can divide main memory into portions called ________ so that one process cannot overwrite another's memory, either inadvertently or maliciously.

The significant overhead associated with ________ makes it largely unsuitable for use in real-time systems.

A(n) ________ can be used in single-user contiguous memory allocation systems to prevent programs from damaging the operating system's memory.

________-partition multiprogramming allows a process to occupy only as much space as needed in an attempt to prevent ________ fragmentation.

________, while plentiful, is slower than other forms of storage and not suitable for running programs.

________ strategies determine which pieces of data to remove from main memory to free space for a new process.

________ temporarily removes a process from main memory to allow another process to make use of the system's resources.

To allow programs to access and execute operating system instructions, operating systems provide ________.

________ is a technique that involves breaking a program into logical segments and keeping only the currently needed segment in memory at any one time.

In a partitioned memory environment, the single boundary register is replaced by the ________ and ________ registers which delimit the upper and lower boundaries of a partition, respectively.

Under a ________ placement strategy, the system places an incoming job in the hole in main memory in which it fits most tightly.

Under fixed-partition multiprogramming, ________ occurs when a memory partition is larger than the memory and data of the process currently loaded into it.

Going from lower to higher levels in the memory hierarchy, ________.

In general, the overhead incurred by ________ allocation is outweighed by the advantages of being able to store more processes in main memory at the same time.

________ can be thought of as a modern operating system-controlled version of overlays.

________ was an early innovation that helped decrease the amount time the computer wasted between jobs.

Which of the following statements is false?

Noncontiguous memory allocation splits programs into blocks of memory called ________ that can be loaded into nonadjacent "holes" in main memory.

To maximize the use of available space, ________ combines adjacent holes in memory, while ________ relocates all occupied areas of memory to one end of main memory, leaving a single large free memory hole instead of numerous small holes.