Exam 8: Cognition, Language, and Intelligence

Which statement expresses the relationship with age of scores on measures of fluid intelligence and scores on measures of crystallized intelligence?

The language acquisition device (LAD) is associated with:

Erickson et al. (2011) randomly assigned older adults to one of two activities: a gentle stretching condition or a more intense aerobic exercise condition. Because Erickson et al. randomly assigned participants to activities and because they deliberately manipulated the activity, their investigation is an example of the _____ research method.

Maturation refers to _____ development.

In one study described in the text, Stright et al. (2008) assessed baby temperament at 6 months. Mother-child interactions were then assessed on six separate occasions, from the time the children were 6 months old until they were in first grade. Recall the textbook's discussion of developmental research methods. Stright et al's study exemplifies the _____ method.

Longitudinal research suggests that measurable age-related cognitive decline is apparent as early as age 40.

Imagine a graph showing fluid and crystallized intelligence scores as a function of age. Age appears on the x-axis, with increasing age toward the right. One curve portrays fluid intelligence scores; the other, crystallized intelligence scores. Which statement BEST describes the relationship between the two curves as age increases?

Mrs. Kendall is completing the vocabulary portion of an intelligence test as a participant in a cognitive aging study. Mrs. Kendall is completing a test of _____ intelligence.

The MOST common type of infant temperament is _____, whereas the LEAST common type is _____.

Emerging adulthood is a newly identified life stage.

Kohlberg used the term "preoperational" to describe the moral reasoning of younger children.

According to the textbook, during late adulthood, the brain processes information more slowly and brain regions responsible for memory deteriorate. Based on this information, and on your knowledge of the brain, you infer that the ____ deteriorates in old age.

From two months after conception until birth, the developing fertilized egg is called a(n):

At 12 months of age, James is classified as securely attached. Which behaviors in the strange situation would be consistent with his classification?

Dawn is a newborn. Ellis is 5. Fritzi is 9. Girard is 15. Which individual is correctly matched with his or her Piagetian stage?

Identify Baumrind's four parenting styles. Provide a brief vignette of a child whose parents used each style.

When Tara states that she is fascinated by the way the environment affects the expression of genetic characteristics, Devin suggests she explore the field of:

Psychologists use the term _____ to refer to the patterns of physical, cognitive, and socioemotional change occurring throughout life.

In a cross-sectional research design, the same group of participants is tested repeatedly.

Clea is 3 months old; Darius is 7 months old; and Enid is 15 months old. Which baby is LEAST likely to perform the action with which he or she is paired?