Exam 4: Genetics, Evolution, Development, and Plasticity

 In response to nervous system injury, neurotrophins ____.

 Brain cells that are neither neurons nor glia, but which are capable of dividing and then differentiating into neurons or glia, are called ____.

 Humans may have been able to evolve such big brains without sacrificing other functions because of ____.

 The most common cause of brain damage in children is closed head injury.

 A mother is homozygous for tasting PTC. The father is a homozygous non-taster. What is the chance that they will have a child that is a non-taster? Explain how you arrived at your answer.

 Suppose "A" is a dominant gene for the ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and "a" is a recessive gene for the inability to taste it. Which couples could possibly have both a child who tastes it and a child who does not?

 Henrietta cannot overcome her alcohol addiction even though she is pregnant. What will likely be the outcome for the baby? What symptoms will the child likely experience?

 At later stages of the neuron's development, neurotrophins ____.

 A strand of DNA serves as a template (model) for the synthesis of ____.

 Chemicals known as ____ and ____ guide neuron migration.

 Which pair of sex chromosomes is found in a normal male mammal?

 Evolution improves the fitness of the population, which is evolutionarily defined as ____.

 Recent evidence suggests that phantom limb pain is caused by sensations coming from the stump of the amputated limb.

 Chemically, what is the route from genes to their expression?

 For natural selection to generate evolutionary change in a population ____.

 The concept that neurons refine their many connections based on which ones are most successful is known as ____.

 Early in development, the nervous system begins as a ____.

 To determine the contributions of heredity and environment, researchers rely mainly on studies of monozygotic and dizygotic twins.

 Proliferation is the ____.

 An autosomal gene is a gene ____.