Exam 1: The Nature of Science

During an experimental study, a control group is maintained under a standard set of conditions with no change in the independent variable. The ________ group is maintained under the same standard set of conditions as the control group, but the independent variable is adjusted.

A way to visualize the breadth and scope of life, from the smallest structures of atoms and cells to the broadest interactions between living and nonliving systems that we can comprehend, is typically referred to as the ________.

David Blehert and his research team captured 117 healthy bats to study in the laboratory and divided them into 4 groups. Group 1 was housed in an area free from Geomyces destructans. Group 2 was housed in an area that shared the same air as bats infected with WNS, but they did not have direct contact with the infected bats. Group 3 was housed in direct contact with other bats infected with WNS. Group 4 was directly exposed to Geomyces destructans when it was applied to their wings. During the study period the bats were monitored for signs of WNS. What is the specific hypothesis being tested by the inclusion of group 4 in this experiment?

Explain the self-correcting nature of science.

Experimental studies are an effective way of establishing a ________ relationship between two or more aspects of the natural world because they provide a way of testing predicted interaction(s).

In science, when a hypothesis or group of hypotheses supported by repeated experimental evidence holds true through time, it can be developed into a ________. It is not a guess. It is not static. It is tentative and dynamic and can be adjusted when new, compelling evidence is discovered. It is typically an overarching explanation that best fits all of the available information or evidence.

Victoria, who is 10 years old, wants to be a zoologist when she grows up because she loves animals. So, she decided to begin her training by "doing something scientific." Specifically, she weighed and measured the lengths of all the earthworms she could find in her yard and recorded the data in a notebook. She then made a graph showing the maximum, minimum, and average weights and heights of the earthworms. Was she doing something scientific?

New medications undergo extensive human testing before receiving FDA approval. These tests represent an experiment and variations in the dosage given to participants represents the

David Blehert and his research team captured 117 healthy bats to study in the laboratory and divided them into 4 groups. Group 1 was housed in an area free from Geomyces destructans. Group 2 was housed in an area that shared the same air as bats infected with WNS, but they did not have direct contact with the infected bats. Group 3 was housed in direct contact with other bats infected with WNS. Group 4 was directly exposed to Geomyces destructans when it was applied to their wings. During the study period the bats were monitored for signs of WNS. What were the independent and dependent variables in this experiment?

You are coughing and producing a wheezing sound as you breathe; you also have a fever. You go to the doctor who listens to your chest, takes X-rays of your chest, and determines that you probably have something called croup. Which of the following are the facts in this scenario?

Which of the following represents conducting an experiment?

When Dr. Blehert and his team set out to determine the cause of death for thousands of bats, they determined that the sick and dead bats had a strange white fuzz on their noses and wings along with depleted fat reserves and damaged wing tissue. Predicting that the white fungus was associated with the illness would be acknowledging a possible ________ between the illness and the fungus.

You often experience numbness and pain in the thumb and first two fingers on your right hand. You go to the doctor who suspects that carpal tunnel syndrome is the reason for the numbness and pain. The doctor then orders a simple test to see how fast nerve impulses are moving up and down your arm. The doctor's preliminary diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome is a(n)

A researcher wanted to determine if consuming diet sodas causes diabetes. He conducted a study in which subjects were asked to recall how many diet sodas they drank each day, on average; the subjects' blood sugar levels were then measured. The average blood sugar levels were determined in the test subjects. Each group included an equal number of male and female participants and the groups were standardized for average weight and age. Which of these statements most accurately describes what is seen in the graph?

Which of the following would be a theory?

Which of the following sequences correctly represents the biological hierarchy of a multicellular organism?

The first two steps of the scientific process typically include making ________ and forming a ________.

Experimentation is the primary, but not only, means used to verify or refute the ________ made by a hypothesis.

Which of these characteristics of living organisms are present in viruses?

Scientists are human beings and are, like all human beings, susceptible to personal and group biases that may influence how they interpret evidence. Before original research work is accepted and added to a growing body of scientific understanding, perhaps even contributing to our understanding of an important scientific theory, it must be scrutinized by experts in the field who have no direct connection to the research under review. The main mechanism for doing this is