Question 1

An age-sex pyramid is useful, in part, because it helps predict the demographic future of a society.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

According to Emile Durkheim, while traditional, rural societies are held together by _____, modern urban societies are held together by _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  likeness; difference 
B)  difference; likeness 
C)  money; morals 
D)  choice; conformity 
A)  likeness; difference 
B)  difference; likeness 
C)  money; morals 
D)  choice; conformity

Question 3

The environmental racism thesis falls within which theoretical approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  the structural-functional approach 
B)  the sociobiology approach 
C)  the symbolic-interaction approach 
D)  the social-conflict approach 
A)  the structural-functional approach 
B)  the sociobiology approach 
C)  the symbolic-interaction approach 
D)  the social-conflict approach

Question 4

Which of the following concepts was used by Ferdinand Tönnies to refer to a type of social organization in which people come together only on the basis of individual self-interest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gemeinschaft 
B)  Gesellschaft 
C)  mechanical solidarity 
D)  organic solidarity 
A)  Gemeinschaft 
B)  Gesellschaft 
C)  mechanical solidarity 
D)  organic solidarity

Question 5

The study of the link between the physical and social dimensions of cities is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  urbanism. 
B)  urban ecology. 
C)  mechanical solidarity. 
D)  urbanization. 
A)  urbanism. 
B)  urban ecology. 
C)  mechanical solidarity. 
D)  urbanization.

Question 6

Most people migrate due to a combination of "push" and "pull" factors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In many low-income nations, parents value sons more than daughters, which explains why the age-sex ratio in these nations may be higher than 100.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The crude birth rate in North America is lower than that for Asia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The concept "zero population growth" refers to the level of reproduction that

Accepted Answer

A)  produces a perfect age-sex pyramid. 
B)  keeps the sex ratio steady at 100. 
C)  maintains population at a steady state. 
D)  will take the population steadily downward to zero. 
A)  produces a perfect age-sex pyramid. 
B)  keeps the sex ratio steady at 100. 
C)  maintains population at a steady state. 
D)  will take the population steadily downward to zero.

Question 10

Today, the three or four largest cities contain as many people as did the entire world some 12 000 years ago.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

What do we learn from the urban political economy approach? How does this approach differ from the "urbanism as a way of life" theory developed by Louis Wirth and others? (Consider whether cities are self-defining on the basis of population size, density, and diversity, or whether cities reflect larger economic forces such as capitalism.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of What do we learn from the urban...

Question 12

Thomas Robert Malthus claimed that

Accepted Answer

A)  the world could sustain an ever-larger population. 
B)  population increase would eventually bring chaos to the world. 
C)  industrialization would reduce the birth rate. 
D)  population decrease threatened the world in the future. 
A)  the world could sustain an ever-larger population. 
B)  population increase would eventually bring chaos to the world. 
C)  industrialization would reduce the birth rate. 
D)  population decrease threatened the world in the future.

Question 13

Which of the following concepts refers to the study of the interaction of living organisms and the natural environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  sociobiology 
B)  ecology 
C)  demography 
D)  urban studies 
A)  sociobiology 
B)  ecology 
C)  demography 
D)  urban studies

Question 14

What is an "age-sex pyramid"? Why is it useful in the study of population?

Accepted Answer

An age-sex pyramid, also known as a popu

Question 15

Mounting evidence suggests that the average temperature of the planet is

Accepted Answer

A)  now steady. 
B)  rising. 
C)  falling. 
D)  lower than it has ever been. 
A)  now steady. 
B)  rising. 
C)  falling. 
D)  lower than it has ever been.

Question 16

Which of the following concepts refers to the number of live births in a given year for every thousand people in a population?

Accepted Answer

A)  fertility 
B)  refined birth rate 
C)  crude birth rate 
D)  fecundity 
A)  fertility 
B)  refined birth rate 
C)  crude birth rate 
D)  fecundity

Question 17

The demographic measure called the "sex ratio" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  how easily couples conceive children. 
B)  the number of males for every 100 females in the population. 
C)  the number of females for every 100 males in the population. 
D)  the ratio of children to adults in a population. 
A)  how easily couples conceive children. 
B)  the number of males for every 100 females in the population. 
C)  the number of females for every 100 males in the population. 
D)  the ratio of children to adults in a population.

Question 18

Currently, about how much of the global population increase is taking place in low-income nations?

Accepted Answer

A)  33 percent 
B)  50 percent 
C)  75 percent 
D)  98 percent 
A)  33 percent 
B)  50 percent 
C)  75 percent 
D)  98 percent

Question 19

The concept "environmental deficit" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  long-term harm to the environment caused by a short-sighted focus on material affluence. 
B)  the fact that too few people are engaged in the study of the natural environment. 
C)  the fact that natural scientists ignore the social dimensions of environmental problems. 
D)  efforts to protect the environment to benefit future generations. 
A)  long-term harm to the environment caused by a short-sighted focus on material affluence. 
B)  the fact that too few people are engaged in the study of the natural environment. 
C)  the fact that natural scientists ignore the social dimensions of environmental problems. 
D)  efforts to protect the environment to benefit future generations.

Question 20

Which of the following nations would you expect to be most concerned about declining population?

Accepted Answer

A)  a landlocked country such as Chad 
B)  a large country such as Brazil 
C)  a high-income country such as Japan 
D)  a low-income country such as Bangladesh 
A)  a landlocked country such as Chad 
B)  a large country such as Brazil 
C)  a high-income country such as Japan 
D)  a low-income country such as Bangladesh

Exam 22: Population, Urbanization, and Environment

An age-sex pyramid is useful, in part, because it helps predict the demographic future of a society.

According to Emile Durkheim, while traditional, rural societies are held together by _____, modern urban societies are held together by _____.

The environmental racism thesis falls within which theoretical approach?

Which of the following concepts was used by Ferdinand Tönnies to refer to a type of social organization in which people come together only on the basis of individual self-interest?

The study of the link between the physical and social dimensions of cities is referred to as

Most people migrate due to a combination of "push" and "pull" factors.

In many low-income nations, parents value sons more than daughters, which explains why the age-sex ratio in these nations may be higher than 100.

The crude birth rate in North America is lower than that for Asia.

The concept "zero population growth" refers to the level of reproduction that

Today, the three or four largest cities contain as many people as did the entire world some 12 000 years ago.

Thomas Robert Malthus claimed that

Which of the following concepts refers to the study of the interaction of living organisms and the natural environment?

What is an "age-sex pyramid"? Why is it useful in the study of population?

Mounting evidence suggests that the average temperature of the planet is

Which of the following concepts refers to the number of live births in a given year for every thousand people in a population?

The demographic measure called the "sex ratio" refers to

Currently, about how much of the global population increase is taking place in low-income nations?

The concept "environmental deficit" refers to

Which of the following nations would you expect to be most concerned about declining population?

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According to Emile Durkheim, while traditional, rural societies are held together by _, modern urban societies are held together by _.