Exam 18: Document Examination

________ luminescence can be used to detect alterations to a document made with ink differing from the original and can also reveal writing that has been erased.

When comparing sample writing to a suspect document,the age difference between the documents should be no more than six to twelve months.

________ are authentic samples of an individual's writing used for comparison to suspect handwriting samples.

Inks on handwritten documents may be compared for their chemical composition by the technique of:

Document examiners frequently uncover the original writing of words that have been crossed out with the aid of:

The writing characteristics of a person may be altered by whether:

Investigators can use a TTI to determine the model of ________ machine that produced the document.

Some inks,when exposed to blue-green light,absorb ________ radiation and emit light.

An adequate number of exemplars is critical for determining the outcome of a comparison.

Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2.Each answer can only be used once. A)Any document that has become darkened and brittle through exposure to fire or excessive heat B)The removal of writing, typewriting, or printing from a document, normally accomplished by either chemical means or an abrasive instrument C)A property exhibited by some dyes that emit infrared light when exposed to blue-green light D)Blotting out or smearing over writing or printing to make the original unreadable E)A header that fax machines print F)The process by which the image is stored in memory G)Any document about which some issue has been raised or that is the subject of an investigation H)An authentic sample used for comparison purposes, such as handwriting I)Impressions left on paper positioned under a piece of paper that has been written on J)Normal deviations found between repeated specimens of an individual's handwriting 1)Charred document 2)Erasure 3)Exemplar 4)Indented writings 5)Infrared luminescence 6)Natural variations 7)Obliteration 8)Questioned document 9)TTI 10)Digitizing

A TTI cannot be used to distinguish between a real and a fraudulently prepared fax document.

The TTI is a characteristic used to distinguish:

Which are important characteristics of a printer,photocopier,or fax machine?

________ writings are partially visible impressions appearing on a sheet of paper underneath the one on which the visible writing was done.

Variations in vertical and horizontal alignment cannot be used to identify a typewriter.

Transitory defect marks originating from random debris on the glass platen are examples of points of comparison produced by a ________.

Name five important characteristics of a printer,photocopier,or fax machine that a document examiner must identify when analyzing a document in a situation where the suspect machine is not available.

The two general categories of printers are impact and nonimpact printers.

With regard to the constitutionality of obtaining handwriting exemplars,the courts have ruled all of the following EXCEPT:

________ printers include thermal and dot-matrix printers.