Exam 7: The Peripheral Nervous System - Efferent Division

The pons within the brain stem is the region most directly responsible for autonomic output.

What do chemoreceptors monitor?

By removing relaxation-inducing ACh from the sensory end plate,AChE permits the choice of allowing relaxation to take place or keeping the contraction going,depending on the body's needs.

The somatic system is under ____________________ control,but much of skeletal muscle activity involving posture,balance,and stereotypical movements is coordinated ____________________.

Discuss how botulinum toxin can be used beneficially.

Acetylcholinesterase is classified as a(n)____.

Areas of the brain that exert control over skeletal muscle movements include the motor regions of the cortex,the ____________________ nuclei,the ____________________,and the brain stem.

What are the two main classes of adrenergic receptors for norepinephrine and epinephrine?

Motor neurons are considered the final common pathway because the only way any other parts of the nervous system can influence skeletal muscle activity is by acting on these motor neurons.

Propagation of an action potential to the axon terminal triggers the opening of what kind of voltage-gated channels?

Skeletal muscle is innervated by the ____________________ nervous system,the branch of the ____________________ division subject to voluntary control.

Cardiac muscle,smooth muscle,most exocrine glands,some endocrine glands,and adipose tissue are innervated by the ____.

Unlike the two-neuron chain of autonomic nerve fibers,the axon of a motor neuron is continuous from its origin in the CNS to its ending on skeletal muscle.

Long postganglionic fibers originate in the ganglion chain and end on the effector organs.

Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are longer than sympathetic ____________________ fibers.

Nerve and muscle cells do not come into direct contact at a neuromuscular junction.

Sympathetic stimulation ____________________ the heart rate,whereas parasympathetic stimulation ____________________ it.

Most sympathetic postganglionic fibers are called ____________________ fibers because they release noradrenaline,commonly known as norepinephrine.

The result of infection with poliovirus is paralysis of the muscles innervated by the affected neurons.

Organophosphates are a group of chemicals that modify neuromuscular junction activity by irreversibly inhibiting what chemical compound?