Question 1

A neuron normally fires when

Accepted Answer

A)  its sodium-potassium pumps are stimulated. 
B)  there is an EPSP. 
C)  there is an IPSP. 
D)  the degree of depolarization on the axon adjacent to the hillock exceeds the threshold of excitation. 
E)  its buttons are stimulated. 
A)  its sodium-potassium pumps are stimulated. 
B)  there is an EPSP. 
C)  there is an IPSP. 
D)  the degree of depolarization on the axon adjacent to the hillock exceeds the threshold of excitation. 
E)  its buttons are stimulated.

Question 2

The brief period of time immediately after the initiation of an action potential,when it is absolutely impossible to initiate another one in the same neuron,is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  threshold of excitation. 
B)  threshold of inhibition. 
C)  absolute refractory period. 
D)  IPSP. 
E)  relative refractory period. 
A)  threshold of excitation. 
B)  threshold of inhibition. 
C)  absolute refractory period. 
D)  IPSP. 
E)  relative refractory period.

Question 3

This drug is a muscarinic acetylcholine antagonist; it is an extract of the belladonna plant; and it has pupil-dilating effects:

Accepted Answer

A)  atropine. 
B)  curare. 
C)  morphine. 
D)  opium. 
E)  librium. 
A)  atropine. 
B)  curare. 
C)  morphine. 
D)  opium. 
E)  librium.

Question 4

Many buttons contain two sizes of vesicles; the larger ones typically contain

Accepted Answer

A)  small-molecule neurotransmitters. 
B)  neuropeptides. 
C)  acetylcholine. 
D)  dopamine. 
E)  glutamate. 
A)  small-molecule neurotransmitters. 
B)  neuropeptides. 
C)  acetylcholine. 
D)  dopamine. 
E)  glutamate.

Question 5

Sodium-potassium pumps maintain the resting membrane potential by transporting

Accepted Answer

A)  Na⁺ ions into neurons. 
B)  K⁺ ions into neurons. 
C)  Na⁺ ions out of neurons. 
D)  both A and B 
E)  both B and C 
A)  Na⁺ ions into neurons. 
B)  K⁺ ions into neurons. 
C)  Na⁺ ions out of neurons. 
D)  both A and B 
E)  both B and C

Question 6

Which of the following are considered to be small-molecule neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

A)  neuropeptide transmitters 
B)  monoamine neurotransmitters 
C)  amino acid neurotransmitters 
D)  both A and B 
E)  both B and C 
A)  neuropeptide transmitters 
B)  monoamine neurotransmitters 
C)  amino acid neurotransmitters 
D)  both A and B 
E)  both B and C

Question 7

The first event in the generation of an action potential is the opening of __________-activated sodium channels.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first event in the generation of...

Question 8

EPSPs are

Accepted Answer

A)  graded responses. 
B)  postsynaptic responses. 
C)  transmitted decrementally. 
D)  depolarizations. 
E)  all of the above 
A)  graded responses. 
B)  postsynaptic responses. 
C)  transmitted decrementally. 
D)  depolarizations. 
E)  all of the above

Question 9

Dopamine is not an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease because

Accepted Answer

A)  dopaminergic neurons are restricted to the PNS. 
B)  Parkinson's disease is a cholinergic dysfunction. 
C)  Parkinson's disease is a noradrenergic dysfunction. 
D)  d'Orta is the treatment of choice. 
E)  dopamine does not readily penetrate the blood-brain barrier. 
A)  dopaminergic neurons are restricted to the PNS. 
B)  Parkinson's disease is a cholinergic dysfunction. 
C)  Parkinson's disease is a noradrenergic dysfunction. 
D)  d'Orta is the treatment of choice. 
E)  dopamine does not readily penetrate the blood-brain barrier.

Question 10

Vesicles travel from the cell body to the buttons

Accepted Answer

A)  on action potentials. 
B)  along microtubules. 
C)  at a rate of about 40 centimeters per second. 
D)  at a rate of about 40 centimeters per day. 
E)  both B and D 
A)  on action potentials. 
B)  along microtubules. 
C)  at a rate of about 40 centimeters per second. 
D)  at a rate of about 40 centimeters per day. 
E)  both B and D

Question 11

A change in the resting potential of a postsynaptic dendrite from -70 mV to -72 mV is called

Accepted Answer

A)  an IPSP. 
B)  an EPSP. 
C)  a depolarization. 
D)  both A and C 
E)  both B and C 
A)  an IPSP. 
B)  an EPSP. 
C)  a depolarization. 
D)  both A and C 
E)  both B and C

Question 12

When a small-molecule neurotransmitter molecule binds to an ionotropic receptor,the

Accepted Answer

A)  cell fires. 
B)  cell stops firing. 
C)  ligand is deactivated. 
D)  associated ion channel opens or closes. 
E)  EPSP gradually increases. 
A)  cell fires. 
B)  cell stops firing. 
C)  ligand is deactivated. 
D)  associated ion channel opens or closes. 
E)  EPSP gradually increases.

Question 13

In large myelinated human motor neurons,impulses travel at about

Accepted Answer

A)  the speed of light. 
B)  186,000 miles per second. 
C)  1 meter per second. 
D)  60 meters per second. 
E)  100 meters per second. 
A)  the speed of light. 
B)  186,000 miles per second. 
C)  1 meter per second. 
D)  60 meters per second. 
E)  100 meters per second.

Question 14

Which neurotransmitters are often released from string-of-beads axons?

Accepted Answer

A)  monoamines 
B)  amino acids 
C)  glutamate and GABA 
D)  soluble gases 
E)  peptides 
A)  monoamines 
B)  amino acids 
C)  glutamate and GABA 
D)  soluble gases 
E)  peptides

Question 15

Drugs that facilitate the activity of the synapses of a particular neurotransmitter are said to be __________ of that neurotransmitter.

Accepted Answer

A)  facilitators 
B)  agonists 
C)  antagonists 
D)  autoreceptors 
E)  endorphins 
A)  facilitators 
B)  agonists 
C)  antagonists 
D)  autoreceptors 
E)  endorphins

Question 16

Once released,neurotransmitter molecules typically produce signals in postsynaptic neurons by

Accepted Answer

A)  binding to presynaptic receptors. 
B)  binding to postsynaptic receptors. 
C)  entering postsynaptic neurons. 
D)  binding directly to calcium ions. 
E)  attaching to vesicles. 
A)  binding to presynaptic receptors. 
B)  binding to postsynaptic receptors. 
C)  entering postsynaptic neurons. 
D)  binding directly to calcium ions. 
E)  attaching to vesicles.

Question 17

Glycine,aspartate,and glutamate are

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acid neurotransmitters. 
B)  small-molecule neurotransmitters. 
C)  transmitters at fast-acting, directed synapses. 
D)  building blocks of proteins. 
E)  all of the above 
A)  amino acid neurotransmitters. 
B)  small-molecule neurotransmitters. 
C)  transmitters at fast-acting, directed synapses. 
D)  building blocks of proteins. 
E)  all of the above

Question 18

Drugs that degrade vesicles and cause the neurotransmitter molecules to leak into the cytoplasm,where they are destroyed by enzymes,are

Accepted Answer

A)  receptor blockers. 
B)  agonists of the neurotransmitter. 
C)  antagonists of the neurotransmitter. 
D)  autoreceptor blockers. 
E)  amino acids. 
A)  receptor blockers. 
B)  agonists of the neurotransmitter. 
C)  antagonists of the neurotransmitter. 
D)  autoreceptor blockers. 
E)  amino acids.

Question 19

Discuss three ways that drugs produce agonistic effects and three ways that they produce antagonistic effects.Provide specific examples.

Accepted Answer

35% for describing three mechanisms of a

Question 20

Nitric oxide

Accepted Answer

A)  is a soluble gas neurotransmitter. 
B)  is considered to be an unconventional neurotransmitter. 
C)  participates in retrograde synaptic transmission. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  both A and B 
A)  is a soluble gas neurotransmitter. 
B)  is considered to be an unconventional neurotransmitter. 
C)  participates in retrograde synaptic transmission. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  both A and B

A neuron normally fires when

The brief period of time immediately after the initiation of an action potential,when it is absolutely impossible to initiate another one in the same neuron,is called the

This drug is a muscarinic acetylcholine antagonist; it is an extract of the belladonna plant; and it has pupil-dilating effects:

Many buttons contain two sizes of vesicles; the larger ones typically contain

Sodium-potassium pumps maintain the resting membrane potential by transporting

Which of the following are considered to be small-molecule neurotransmitters?

The first event in the generation of an action potential is the opening of __________-activated sodium channels.

EPSPs are

Dopamine is not an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease because

Vesicles travel from the cell body to the buttons

A change in the resting potential of a postsynaptic dendrite from -70 mV to -72 mV is called

When a small-molecule neurotransmitter molecule binds to an ionotropic receptor,the

In large myelinated human motor neurons,impulses travel at about

Which neurotransmitters are often released from string-of-beads axons?

Drugs that facilitate the activity of the synapses of a particular neurotransmitter are said to be __________ of that neurotransmitter.

Once released,neurotransmitter molecules typically produce signals in postsynaptic neurons by

Glycine,aspartate,and glutamate are

Drugs that degrade vesicles and cause the neurotransmitter molecules to leak into the cytoplasm,where they are destroyed by enzymes,are

Discuss three ways that drugs produce agonistic effects and three ways that they produce antagonistic effects.Provide specific examples.

Nitric oxide

Biopsychology As a Neuroscience

Evolution, Genetics, and Experience

The Anatomy of the Nervous System

The Research Methods of Biopsychology

The Visual System

Mechanisms of Perception

The Sensorimotor System

Development of the Nervous System

Brain Damage and Neuroplasticity

Learning, Memory, and Amnesia

Hunger, eating, and Health

Hormones and Sex

Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythms

Drug Addiction and the Brains Reward Circuits

Lateralization, language, and the Split Brain

Biopsychology of Emotion, stress, and Health

Biopsychology of Psychiatric Disorders

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Exam 4: Neural Conduction and Synaptic Transmission

A neuron normally fires when

The brief period of time immediately after the initiation of an action potential,when it is absolutely impossible to initiate another one in the same neuron,is called the

This drug is a muscarinic acetylcholine antagonist; it is an extract of the belladonna plant; and it has pupil-dilating effects:

Many buttons contain two sizes of vesicles; the larger ones typically contain

Sodium-potassium pumps maintain the resting membrane potential by transporting

Which of the following are considered to be small-molecule neurotransmitters?

The first event in the generation of an action potential is the opening of __________-activated sodium channels.

EPSPs are

Dopamine is not an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease because

Vesicles travel from the cell body to the buttons

A change in the resting potential of a postsynaptic dendrite from -70 mV to -72 mV is called

When a small-molecule neurotransmitter molecule binds to an ionotropic receptor,the

In large myelinated human motor neurons,impulses travel at about

Which neurotransmitters are often released from string-of-beads axons?

Drugs that facilitate the activity of the synapses of a particular neurotransmitter are said to be __________ of that neurotransmitter.

Once released,neurotransmitter molecules typically produce signals in postsynaptic neurons by

Glycine,aspartate,and glutamate are

Drugs that degrade vesicles and cause the neurotransmitter molecules to leak into the cytoplasm,where they are destroyed by enzymes,are

Discuss three ways that drugs produce agonistic effects and three ways that they produce antagonistic effects.Provide specific examples.

Nitric oxide

Biopsychology As a Neuroscience

Evolution, Genetics, and Experience

The Anatomy of the Nervous System

The Research Methods of Biopsychology

The Visual System

Mechanisms of Perception

The Sensorimotor System

Development of the Nervous System

Brain Damage and Neuroplasticity

Learning, Memory, and Amnesia

Hunger, eating, and Health

Hormones and Sex

Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythms

Drug Addiction and the Brains Reward Circuits

Lateralization, language, and the Split Brain

Biopsychology of Emotion, stress, and Health

Biopsychology of Psychiatric Disorders

Filters