Exam 39: Fluid, electrolyte, and Acid-base Balances

An 8-year-old is admitted to the pediatric unit with pneumonia.On assessment,the nurse notes that the child is warm and flushed,is lethargic,has difficulty breathing,and has moist crackles.The nurse determines that the child has which one of the following?

Arterial blood gases are obtained for the patient.The patient's results (pH 7.48,PaCO₂ 42 mm Hg,HCO₃⁻ 32 mmol/L)indicate which one of the following acid-base imbalances?

A rapid infusion of blood has been given to the patient.The nurse assesses the patient for which one of the following?

Which of the following is an unexpected value that the nurse,in reviewing the results of the patient's blood work,should report to the physician?

The nurse will be starting a new IV infusion and needs to select the site for the insertion.In selecting a site,the nurse should do which of the following?

A patient has IV therapy for the administration of antibiotics and is stating that the IV site "hurts and is swollen." Which one of the following items of information assessed on the patient indicates the presence of phlebitis,as opposed to infiltration?

Among the following four patients,the nurse recognizes that which one is most at risk for a fluid volume deficit?

A patient complains of a headache and chills during a blood transfusion.Which one of the following actions should the nurse take immediately?

When initiating peripheral IV therapy,where does the nurse place the tourniquet in relation to the proposed insertion site?

The nurse is looking after a patient who has abdominal cramps,dizziness,and a rapid and thready pulse.The patient's laboratory results indicate hyponatremia.Which of the following additional signs can the nurse expect?

When inserting a butterfly needle to initiate peripheral IV therapy in a patient,at what angle,in relation to the patient's skin,would the nurse place the needle before insertion?

The nurse knows that older adults are more prone to fluid volume alterations for which of the following reasons?

A child having an asthma attack has presented to the emergency department.He is breathing rapidly and has a blood pH of 7.47,signs and symptoms that the nurse suspects are consistent with which of the following conditions?

When a deficit of body fluid exists in the intravascular compartment,which of the following signs can be expected?

Which of the following is the most common electrolyte imbalance?

For a patient with a nursing diagnosis of "Fluid volume excess," the nurse is alert to which one of the following signs and symptoms?

According to the phlebitis scale,pain and erythema at the access site with streak formation would be documented as which of the following grades?

Which of the following is an example of a hypertonic solution?

The physician orders 1000 mL of D5RL with 20 mmol KCl to run for eight hours.With an infusion set with a drop factor of 15 gtt/mL,which of the following flow rates will the nurse calculate?

The single best indicator of a patient's fluid status is the nurse's assessment of which one of the following?