Exam 14: Development of the Vasculature

In the gross anatomy lab,you find that your cadaver has an extremely large left internal thoracic artery and large intercostal arteries as well.What possible congenital anomaly might you find in this cadaver that could explain this?

Loss-of-function mutations in what gene(s) can cause pharyngeal aortic arch defects?

A 1-year-old boy has left ventricular hypertrophy and early signs of congestive heart failure.Examination reveals the presence of a murmur,and upon questioning of the mother,you find that during her first trimester she had a rubella infection.What is your initial diagnosis?

A newborn exhibits severe cyanotic symptoms in the abdomen,pelvis,and lower limbs but not in head and neck or upper limbs.What is the most likely explanation?

What embryonic structure(s) form the right subclavian artery?

What is the source of the cells that colonize the liver and engender the liver with the capacity to make myeloid and lymphoid progenitors?

In the fetus,oxygenated blood coming from the placenta mixes with fetal systemic blood in all of the following places EXCEPT:

In the embryo,blood is channeled from the left umbilical vein into the right hepatocardiac channel.What is the name of the remnant of this left-to-right channel?

A patient needs a pacemaker,and the cardiologist plans to run the pacemaker electrode into the right atrium via the left subclavian vein.As the cardiologist monitors the placement of the catheter using angiography,he discovers that the catheter will not enter the superior vena cava.Rather,it enters the coronary sinus and then the right atrium.How is this possible?

What might cause hypervascularity (increase blood vessel density) of an area of the skin?