Exam 17: Making Decisions About Computers, Information, and Society

The digital representation of audio information can produce massive and unwieldy data files, which can be reduced by using a compression algorithm such as FTP.

One of the challenges when using a(n) ____________________ argument in a dialectic about hacking is that it is sometimes difficult to predict consequences with any accuracy.

Napster lost the case accusing it of copyright infringement but won subsequent appeals.

Some people view hackers as social gadflies, people who raise important, but irritating, questions about society.

The "hacker ethic" makes the claim that ____.

Perhaps the most famous deontologist was the German philosopher Immanuel Kant, who was born in the ____ century.

____ calls can be made from any place that the user can get an Internet connection.

By most accounts, the majority of MP3 music that Napster users "shared" was copyrighted, and most of the copyright holders objected to the copying of their music without royalty payments.

What are two of these major leaks in which WikiLeaks has been involved?

Ideally, in a(n) ____________________, the ultimate goal is for both sides to "win" by moving closer to the truth from two different perspectives.

What would a careful utilitarian declare an act if HAPPINESS_AFTER = HAPPINESS_BEFORE?

Using the utilitarians' criterion requires subjective judgments. _________________________

The word ____ is from the Greek and means "the study of duty."

____ answer the question "Good for whom?" with a hearty, "Good for everyone!".

All music artists are naturally opposed to MP3 copying.

A ____ focuses on the consequences of an act to determine if the act is good or bad.

What is impersonation, in the context of cyberbullying?

In ____, the Fraunhofer Institute patented MP3 in Germany, and a few years later MP3 became an international standard.

A ____ focus more on the duties of the person acting and the way the act impinges on the rights of others.

Apple's iTunes music store accounts for more than ____ of music sales in the United States.