Chat with AIExam 8: Three Continents: Conflict and Commerce
Identification
-zakat
(32) 
Answered by Examlex AI CopilotZakat is one of the Five Pillars of Islam and is a form of almsgiving treated in Islam as a religious obligation or tax. It is a duty for all Muslims who meet the necessary criteria of wealth. The word "zakat" can be defined as "purification" and "growth" because it allows an individual to achieve balance and encourages new growth. The principle of knowing that all things belong to God is essential to purification and growth.
Zakat is charged on the wealth of an individual after a lunar year (Hijri year) has passed and is typically 2.5% of the wealth and assets that are over the nisab, which is the minimum amount for a Muslim net of basic necessities to be eligible to pay zakat. The nisab is equivalent to the current value of 85 grams of gold or 595 grams of silver. There are minor differences in the calculation of nisab and the percentage of zakat between the different Islamic schools of thought.
The types of wealth that are eligible for zakat include gold and silver, cash, savings, investments, rental income, business merchandise and profits, stocks, and even livestock and agricultural produce. It is not charged on personal items such as clothing, housing, or transportation; it is only on the wealth that is held in excess of one's needs and which has the potential to grow.
Zakat is meant to be used for specific beneficiaries and purposes as outlined in the Quran, which include:
1. The poor (al-fuqarā’), meaning low-income or indigent.
2. The needy (al-masākīn), those who are unable to meet their basic needs.
3. Zakat administrators.
4. Those whose hearts are to be reconciled, meaning new Muslims and friends of the Muslim community.
5. Those in bondage (slaves and captives).
6. The debt-ridden, to relieve them from debt.
7. In the cause of God (fi sabil Allah), meaning those fighting for a religious cause or in a jihad.
8. The wayfarer, meaning those who are stranded or traveling with few resources.
It is the individual responsibility of each Muslim to calculate their zakat if they meet the criteria. Many Muslims pay their zakat during Ramadan because the rewards for good deeds during this month are believed to be multiplied.
In summary, zakat is a compulsory act of worship that involves giving a set percentage of one's wealth to those in need, serving both as a means to redistribute wealth within the Muslim community and as a way for Muslims to purify their wealth and souls.
Which of the following statements about Genghis Khan's campaign against the Chin is false?
(32) 
VerifiedA
Describe briefly the trade and commercial policies of the Mamluks.
(37) Answered by Examlex AI CopilotThe Mamluks, who ruled Egypt and Syria from the 13th to the 16th centuries, had a complex system of trade and commercial policies. They controlled key trade routes between Europe, Asia, and Africa, and their policies aimed to maximize their control over trade and ensure the prosperity of their empire.
One of their key trade policies was the establishment of trade monopolies, where they granted exclusive trading rights to certain merchants or groups. This allowed them to regulate the flow of goods and maintain a steady income from trade. They also imposed taxes and tariffs on goods passing through their territories, further boosting their revenue.
The Mamluks were known for their support of international trade, particularly with the Italian city-states. They encouraged the establishment of trading colonies and provided incentives for foreign merchants to conduct business in their territories. They also maintained a strong navy to protect trade routes and ensure the safety of merchants.
In terms of commercial policies, the Mamluks were known for their regulation of markets and industries. They established guilds to oversee the production and sale of goods, ensuring quality and fair prices. They also issued regulations to control the activities of merchants and protect consumers from fraud and exploitation.
Overall, the Mamluks' trade and commercial policies were aimed at maximizing their wealth and power, while also promoting economic stability and growth within their empire. Their control over key trade routes and their support of international trade made them a dominant force in the medieval economy.
Which of the following statements about Ibn Khaldun is false?
(35) Kubilai's tribute-enrolling expedition to which of the following was a costly failure?
(34) Which of the following statements about early Muslim literature is false?
(30) In 1260, Kubilai Khan abandoned Karakorum as the imperial capital of the Mongols and established his capital at
(25) In being a military genius and a superb adapter and improver of existing practices, rather than an innovator, Genghis Khan was similar to
(31) 
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