Question 1

Natural selection and other mechanisms of evolution act upon the ________ that result from the novel genotypes produced by mutations.

Accepted Answer

phenotypes

Question 2

For a population to evolve,there must be genetic differences between organisms in that population.These differences arise by

Accepted Answer

A)  mutation. 
B)  a change in an organism's behavior. 
C)  natural selection. 
D)  common descent. 
A)  mutation. 
B)  a change in an organism's behavior. 
C)  natural selection. 
D)  common descent. A

Question 3

Explain why a mutation in an individual's skin cells does not directly contribute to evolution.

Accepted Answer

If an individual cannot pass a mutation on to its offspring,the mutation cannot directly contribute to evolution.The mutation will not cause a change in allele or genotype frequencies in the population.

Question 4

Two different species may have similar features because of

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic drift. 
B)  the founder effect. 
C)  a bottleneck. 
D)  descent from a common ancestor. 
A)  genetic drift. 
B)  the founder effect. 
C)  a bottleneck. 
D)  descent from a common ancestor.

Question 5

When similar environmental pressures,such as permafrost in low-altitude tundra and permafrost in high-altitude alpine tundra,cause genetically distantly related organisms to evolve similar structures for survival and reproduction under similar conditions,________ has occurred.

Accepted Answer

convergent

Question 6

Bacteria often store genes on small,circular pieces of DNA called plasmids.The process of transmitting these plasmids and the genes they contain to other bacteria is called ________ and is an example of gene flow.

Accepted Answer

horizontal

Question 7

Although millions of prairie chickens once occupied Illinois,in 1993 only 50 remained.Starting in 1992,scientists moved almost 300 prairie chickens from large populations in other states to Illinois to ________ Illinois prairie chicken populations.

Accepted Answer

A)  prevent the development of nonheritable mutations in 
B)  introduce genetic variation back into 
C)  induce stabilizing selection in 
D)  cause genetic drift in 
A)  prevent the development of nonheritable mutations in 
B)  introduce genetic variation back into 
C)  induce stabilizing selection in 
D)  cause genetic drift in

Question 8

Two populations of geese live near each other.As time passes,the populations are becoming more genetically alike.This is probably due to ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Two populations of geese live near each...

Question 9

If a given population has 30 RR individuals,10 Rr individuals,and 10 rr individuals,what is the allele frequency of R?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.1 
B)  0.3 
C)  0.5 
D)  0.7 
A)  0.1 
B)  0.3 
C)  0.5 
D)  0.7

Question 10

Alex is a student with Strep throat (caused by a strain of bacterium)who is given a prescription for an antibiotic and is told to take the drug for two weeks.After a week,he feels better and stops taking the drug.Two months later,Alex again shows symptoms of Strep throat and decides to finish the leftover antibiotic rather than going to the doctor again.Two months after that,he develops Strep throat for a third time and returns to the doctor.This time,the antibiotic does not work.The doctor runs a test and discovers that the bacterial strain Alex is carrying is antibiotic resistant.What most likely happened?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because the use of antibiotics lowers the effectiveness of the immune system, the student continually reinfected himself with the bacteria. The third time, the student happened to be reinfected with a resistant strain. 
B)  When the student stopped taking the drug, a small number of bacteria-those that were more drug resistant-still survived in his body. Those bacteria repopulated his throat and, over time, drug-resistant alleles became more common. 
C)  The student must have eaten produce that had been genetically engineered with antibiotic-resistant genes. When he consumed them, the bacteria in the student's throat picked up these genes through horizontal gene transfer. 
D)  The antibiotic caused mutations in the bacterium. The more exposure to the antibiotic, the more mutations. 
A)  Because the use of antibiotics lowers the effectiveness of the immune system, the student continually reinfected himself with the bacteria. The third time, the student happened to be reinfected with a resistant strain. 
B)  When the student stopped taking the drug, a small number of bacteria-those that were more drug resistant-still survived in his body. Those bacteria repopulated his throat and, over time, drug-resistant alleles became more common. 
C)  The student must have eaten produce that had been genetically engineered with antibiotic-resistant genes. When he consumed them, the bacteria in the student's throat picked up these genes through horizontal gene transfer. 
D)  The antibiotic caused mutations in the bacterium. The more exposure to the antibiotic, the more mutations.

Question 11

UV light causes mutations within skin cells.Is UV light a major driving force in the evolution of animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes; UV light is always present outside and can produce both favorable and harmful mutations in skin cells. Only the favorable mutations will be passed on to the next generation. 
B)  Yes; a mutation in the skin cell will result in an organism that is better protected from the sun. This individual will be more likely to survive and pass on this mutation to the next generation. 
C)  No; only mutations in gametes will be passed on to the next generation. Only mutations that are passed on to offspring contribute to evolution. 
D)  No; only mutations that have a favorable adaptive quality will be passed on to the next generation. UV light produces only harmful mutations. 
A)  Yes; UV light is always present outside and can produce both favorable and harmful mutations in skin cells. Only the favorable mutations will be passed on to the next generation. 
B)  Yes; a mutation in the skin cell will result in an organism that is better protected from the sun. This individual will be more likely to survive and pass on this mutation to the next generation. 
C)  No; only mutations in gametes will be passed on to the next generation. Only mutations that are passed on to offspring contribute to evolution. 
D)  No; only mutations that have a favorable adaptive quality will be passed on to the next generation. UV light produces only harmful mutations.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a mode of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A)  directional selection 
B)  disruptive selection 
C)  dormant selection 
D)  stabilizing selection 
A)  directional selection 
B)  disruptive selection 
C)  dormant selection 
D)  stabilizing selection

Question 13

An example of gene flow would be if pollen from a population ________ plant lands on ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  A; the same plant (mating with itself) 
B)  A; another population A plant 
C)  A; a population B plant 
D)  B; two other population B plants 
A)  A; the same plant (mating with itself) 
B)  A; another population A plant 
C)  A; a population B plant 
D)  B; two other population B plants

Question 14

What is the total number of alleles present for any given gene in a population of 100 individuals?

Accepted Answer

A)  50 
B)  100 
C)  200 
D)  400 
A)  50 
B)  100 
C)  200 
D)  400

Question 15

Convergent evolution occurs when natural selection causes distantly related organisms to

Accepted Answer

A)  evolve into the same species despite the fact that they are members of separate populations. 
B)  merge into one continuous population because of reversals in continental drift. 
C)  evolve both analogous and homologous characteristics. 
D)  evolve similar structures in response to similar environmental challenges. 
A)  evolve into the same species despite the fact that they are members of separate populations. 
B)  merge into one continuous population because of reversals in continental drift. 
C)  evolve both analogous and homologous characteristics. 
D)  evolve similar structures in response to similar environmental challenges.

Question 16

In a shallow bay,a population of oysters is the food source for the local crabs.The lightest colored oysters blend with the color of the rocks and the darkest colored oysters are concealed in the shadows cast by the rocks.Oysters with an intermediate coloring are easily detected by the crabs and become a tasty meal for them.Over time,fewer and fewer oysters display the intermediate coloring while more oysters are either the lightest coloring or the darkest coloring.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  stabilizing selection. 
B)  directional selection. 
C)  disruptive selection. 
D)  genetic drift. 
A)  stabilizing selection. 
B)  directional selection. 
C)  disruptive selection. 
D)  genetic drift.

Question 17

A fisherman catches one trout from each of two ponds.Pond A contains 100 trout and pond B contains 1,000 trout.Which population is more affected by the fisherman?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pond A; the fisherman has a greater likelihood of completely removing alleles from the gene pool by taking a fish from the smaller population. 
B)  Pond A; fewer fish are able to move into a small pond and find mates. 
C)  Pond B; the fisherman is more likely to catch a fish that is undergoing evolution in a bigger population. 
D)  Pond B; the process of evolution occurs more slowly in large populations and removing a fish speeds up the process. 
A)  Pond A; the fisherman has a greater likelihood of completely removing alleles from the gene pool by taking a fish from the smaller population. 
B)  Pond A; fewer fish are able to move into a small pond and find mates. 
C)  Pond B; the fisherman is more likely to catch a fish that is undergoing evolution in a bigger population. 
D)  Pond B; the process of evolution occurs more slowly in large populations and removing a fish speeds up the process.

Question 18

Two unrelated species evolving to look more similar due to environmental pressures is called

Accepted Answer

A)  gene flow. 
B)  genetic drift. 
C)  convergent evolution. 
D)  divergent evolution. 
A)  gene flow. 
B)  genetic drift. 
C)  convergent evolution. 
D)  divergent evolution.

Question 19

A gene has two alleles,D and d.The frequency of the D allele is 0.2. What is the frequency of the d allele?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.2 
B)  0.4 
C)  0.64 
D)  0.8 
A)  0.2 
B)  0.4 
C)  0.64 
D)  0.8

Question 20

If the size of a population drops for at least one generation and causes a loss of genetic variation,a ________ occurs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the size of a population drops...

Natural selection and other mechanisms of evolution act upon the ________ that result from the novel genotypes produced by mutations.

For a population to evolve,there must be genetic differences between organisms in that population.These differences arise by

Explain why a mutation in an individual's skin cells does not directly contribute to evolution.

Two different species may have similar features because of

When similar environmental pressures,such as permafrost in low-altitude tundra and permafrost in high-altitude alpine tundra,cause genetically distantly related organisms to evolve similar structures for survival and reproduction under similar conditions,________ has occurred.

Bacteria often store genes on small,circular pieces of DNA called plasmids.The process of transmitting these plasmids and the genes they contain to other bacteria is called ________ and is an example of gene flow.

Although millions of prairie chickens once occupied Illinois,in 1993 only 50 remained.Starting in 1992,scientists moved almost 300 prairie chickens from large populations in other states to Illinois to ________ Illinois prairie chicken populations.

Two populations of geese live near each other.As time passes,the populations are becoming more genetically alike.This is probably due to ________.

If a given population has 30 RR individuals,10 Rr individuals,and 10 rr individuals,what is the allele frequency of R?

UV light causes mutations within skin cells.Is UV light a major driving force in the evolution of animals?

Which of the following is NOT a mode of natural selection?

An example of gene flow would be if pollen from a population plant lands on .

What is the total number of alleles present for any given gene in a population of 100 individuals?

Convergent evolution occurs when natural selection causes distantly related organisms to

A fisherman catches one trout from each of two ponds.Pond A contains 100 trout and pond B contains 1,000 trout.Which population is more affected by the fisherman?

Two unrelated species evolving to look more similar due to environmental pressures is called

A gene has two alleles,D and d.The frequency of the D allele is 0.2. What is the frequency of the d allele?

If the size of a population drops for at least one generation and causes a loss of genetic variation,a ________ occurs.

The Nature of Science

Evaluating Scientific Claims

Chemistry of Life

Life Is Cellular

How Cells Work

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

What Genes Are

How Genes Work

Evidence for Evolution

Adaptation and Species

The History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Plants, Fungi, and Protists

Animals and Human Evolution

General Principles of Ecology

Growth of Populations

Communities of Organisms

Ecosystems

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Exam 12: Mechanisms of Evolution

Natural selection and other mechanisms of evolution act upon the ________ that result from the novel genotypes produced by mutations.

For a population to evolve,there must be genetic differences between organisms in that population.These differences arise by

Explain why a mutation in an individual's skin cells does not directly contribute to evolution.

Two different species may have similar features because of

When similar environmental pressures,such as permafrost in low-altitude tundra and permafrost in high-altitude alpine tundra,cause genetically distantly related organisms to evolve similar structures for survival and reproduction under similar conditions,________ has occurred.

Bacteria often store genes on small,circular pieces of DNA called plasmids.The process of transmitting these plasmids and the genes they contain to other bacteria is called ________ and is an example of gene flow.

Although millions of prairie chickens once occupied Illinois,in 1993 only 50 remained.Starting in 1992,scientists moved almost 300 prairie chickens from large populations in other states to Illinois to ________ Illinois prairie chicken populations.

Two populations of geese live near each other.As time passes,the populations are becoming more genetically alike.This is probably due to ________.

If a given population has 30 RR individuals,10 Rr individuals,and 10 rr individuals,what is the allele frequency of R?

UV light causes mutations within skin cells.Is UV light a major driving force in the evolution of animals?

Which of the following is NOT a mode of natural selection?

An example of gene flow would be if pollen from a population ________ plant lands on ________.

What is the total number of alleles present for any given gene in a population of 100 individuals?

Convergent evolution occurs when natural selection causes distantly related organisms to

A fisherman catches one trout from each of two ponds.Pond A contains 100 trout and pond B contains 1,000 trout.Which population is more affected by the fisherman?

Two unrelated species evolving to look more similar due to environmental pressures is called

A gene has two alleles,D and d.The frequency of the D allele is 0.2. What is the frequency of the d allele?

If the size of a population drops for at least one generation and causes a loss of genetic variation,a ________ occurs.

The Nature of Science

Evaluating Scientific Claims

Chemistry of Life

Life Is Cellular

How Cells Work

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

What Genes Are

How Genes Work

Evidence for Evolution

Adaptation and Species

The History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Plants, Fungi, and Protists

Animals and Human Evolution

General Principles of Ecology

Growth of Populations

Communities of Organisms

Ecosystems

Filters

An example of gene flow would be if pollen from a population plant lands on .