Question 1

What is the term used to identify how often a negative finding is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Positive predictive value 
B)  True positive predictive value 
C)  Negative predictive value 
D)  True negative/negative value 
A)  Positive predictive value 
B)  True positive predictive value 
C)  Negative predictive value 
D)  True negative/negative value C

Question 2

Which positive likelihood ratio is considered "moderate but usually important"?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 to 2 
B)  2 to 5 
C)  5 to 10 
D)  Greater than 10 
A)  1 to 2 
B)  2 to 5 
C)  5 to 10 
D)  Greater than 10 C

Question 3

In trying to incorporate the literature into clinical practice,what is the best way to keep up with current research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Try to read it all. 
B)  Take 2 days off per month and do nothing but read articles. 
C)  Use a clinical challenge to look at the literature and incorporate published findings. 
D)  Attend one professional meeting per year. 
A)  Try to read it all. 
B)  Take 2 days off per month and do nothing but read articles. 
C)  Use a clinical challenge to look at the literature and incorporate published findings. 
D)  Attend one professional meeting per year. C

Question 4

What is the term for the ability of a protocol to produce the intended effects?

Accepted Answer

A)  Likelihood ratio 
B)  Specificity 
C)  Efficacy 
D)  Sensitivity 
A)  Likelihood ratio 
B)  Specificity 
C)  Efficacy 
D)  Sensitivity

Question 5

Which of the following is not true regarding the use of clinical decision rules,also known as clinical prediction rules?

Accepted Answer

A)  They improve decision making. 
B)  They decrease costs. 
C)  They ultimately improve patient outcome. 
D)  They decrease the experience level of the clinician. 
A)  They improve decision making. 
B)  They decrease costs. 
C)  They ultimately improve patient outcome. 
D)  They decrease the experience level of the clinician.

Question 6

What is a test's clinical usefulness if the reliability measure is greater than 0.75?

Accepted Answer

A)  Poor 
B)  Moderate 
C)  Good 
D)  Excellent 
A)  Poor 
B)  Moderate 
C)  Good 
D)  Excellent

Question 7

What is the gold standard for diagnosing anterior cruciate ligament injuries?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anterior drawer test 
B)  Lachman's test 
C)  MRI 
D)  Arthroscopy 
A)  Anterior drawer test 
B)  Lachman's test 
C)  MRI 
D)  Arthroscopy

Question 8

Three clinicians (I,II,III)are working in the clinic and routinely rotate patients so they are familiar with all of their clients.Which of the following combinations of clinicians needs to work to make their skill set more reliable?

Accepted Answer

A)  Interrater reliability between I and III = 0.78 
B)  Interrater reliability between I and II = 0.98 
C)  Interrater reliability between II and III = 0.83 
D)  Intrarater reliability of I = 0.98 
A)  Interrater reliability between I and III = 0.78 
B)  Interrater reliability between I and II = 0.98 
C)  Interrater reliability between II and III = 0.83 
D)  Intrarater reliability of I = 0.98

Question 9

Which of the following terms describes when a certain number of individuals in a group sustain an injury?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prevalence 
B)  Specificity 
C)  Selectivity 
D)  Validity 
A)  Prevalence 
B)  Specificity 
C)  Selectivity 
D)  Validity

Question 10

A positive test result must have a minimum positive likelihood ratio of which of the following to significantly add to the pretest probability that the condition is present?

Accepted Answer

A)  Greater than 1 
B)  Less than 1 
C)  Greater than 10 
D)  Less than 10 
A)  Greater than 1 
B)  Less than 1 
C)  Greater than 10 
D)  Less than 10

Question 11

You and another athletic trainer share the responsibility of evaluating the star of the baseball team.In order for any follow-up evaluations to be useful and interpretable,what type of reliability must be highest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Intrarater reliability 
B)  Interrater reliability 
C)  Intraexaminer reliability 
D)  Reliability doesn't matter. 
A)  Intrarater reliability 
B)  Interrater reliability 
C)  Intraexaminer reliability 
D)  Reliability doesn't matter.

Question 12

Evidence-based practice,a foundation of best practice,is the incorporation of three elements into the decision-making process of patient care.Which of the following is not one of these elements?

Accepted Answer

A)  Best available research 
B)  Clinical expertise 
C)  The overall time to achieve long-term goals 
D)  The needs and values of the individual patient 
A)  Best available research 
B)  Clinical expertise 
C)  The overall time to achieve long-term goals 
D)  The needs and values of the individual patient

Question 13

When doing a literature search on a specific topic,you find two articles that were written based on different research methods.Of the choices listed below,the ________ represents the highest level of research design,and the __________ represents the lowest level.

Accepted Answer

A)  case report; cohort study 
B)  meta-analysis; expert opinion 
C)  expert opinion; meta-analysis 
D)  expert opinion; case report 
A)  case report; cohort study 
B)  meta-analysis; expert opinion 
C)  expert opinion; meta-analysis 
D)  expert opinion; case report

Question 14

The higher the prevalence of an injury,the __________ the effect on positive predictive value and the _______ the effect on negative predictive value.

Accepted Answer

A)  higher; higher 
B)  lower; lower 
C)  higher; lower 
D)  lower; higher 
A)  higher; higher 
B)  lower; lower 
C)  higher; lower 
D)  lower; higher

Question 15

Which of the following is not true about tests that are considered diagnostic gold standards?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are less accessible. 
B)  They are more expensive. 
C)  They take less time. 
D)  They are more invasive. 
A)  They are less accessible. 
B)  They are more expensive. 
C)  They take less time. 
D)  They are more invasive.

Question 16

What phrase best describes the shift in probability that is tied to a negative likelihood ratio greater than 0.5?

Accepted Answer

A)  Very small, usually unimportant 
B)  Small, sometimes important 
C)  Moderate but usually important 
D)  Large, often conclusive 
A)  Very small, usually unimportant 
B)  Small, sometimes important 
C)  Moderate but usually important 
D)  Large, often conclusive

Question 17

What is the term for a clinical test that incorrectly identifies a condition as present when there is no pathology?

Accepted Answer

A)  True positive 
B)  False positive 
C)  True negative 
D)  False negative 
A)  True positive 
B)  False positive 
C)  True negative 
D)  False negative

Question 18

A patient-centered approach is best described by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Patient's needs and values 
B)  Patient's values but not the patient's needs 
C)  Patient's long-term goals and needs 
D)  Patient's needs, values, and long-term goals 
A)  Patient's needs and values 
B)  Patient's values but not the patient's needs 
C)  Patient's long-term goals and needs 
D)  Patient's needs, values, and long-term goals

Question 19

What is the term for a situation in which the clinical test and the gold standard are both negative?

Accepted Answer

A)  True positive 
B)  False positive 
C)  True negative 
D)  False negative 
A)  True positive 
B)  False positive 
C)  True negative 
D)  False negative

Question 20

Which of the following factors does not influence reliability?

Accepted Answer

A)  Consistency in performing a skill 
B)  How the results are interpreted 
C)  Gender of the patient 
D)  Experience and training of the examiner 
A)  Consistency in performing a skill 
B)  How the results are interpreted 
C)  Gender of the patient 
D)  Experience and training of the examiner

What is the term used to identify how often a negative finding is correct?

Which positive likelihood ratio is considered "moderate but usually important"?

In trying to incorporate the literature into clinical practice,what is the best way to keep up with current research?

What is the term for the ability of a protocol to produce the intended effects?

Which of the following is not true regarding the use of clinical decision rules,also known as clinical prediction rules?

What is a test's clinical usefulness if the reliability measure is greater than 0.75?

What is the gold standard for diagnosing anterior cruciate ligament injuries?

Three clinicians (I,II,III)are working in the clinic and routinely rotate patients so they are familiar with all of their clients.Which of the following combinations of clinicians needs to work to make their skill set more reliable?

Which of the following terms describes when a certain number of individuals in a group sustain an injury?

A positive test result must have a minimum positive likelihood ratio of which of the following to significantly add to the pretest probability that the condition is present?

You and another athletic trainer share the responsibility of evaluating the star of the baseball team.In order for any follow-up evaluations to be useful and interpretable,what type of reliability must be highest?

Evidence-based practice,a foundation of best practice,is the incorporation of three elements into the decision-making process of patient care.Which of the following is not one of these elements?

When doing a literature search on a specific topic,you find two articles that were written based on different research methods.Of the choices listed below,the represents the highest level of research design,and the __ represents the lowest level.

The higher the prevalence of an injury,the ____ the effect on positive predictive value and the _ the effect on negative predictive value.

Which of the following is not true about tests that are considered diagnostic gold standards?

What phrase best describes the shift in probability that is tied to a negative likelihood ratio greater than 0.5?

What is the term for a clinical test that incorrectly identifies a condition as present when there is no pathology?

A patient-centered approach is best described by which of the following?

What is the term for a situation in which the clinical test and the gold standard are both negative?

Which of the following factors does not influence reliability?

Examination Process

Examination and Management of Acute Pathologies

Injury Pathology Nomenclature

Musculoskeletal Diagnostic Techniques

Assessment of Posture

Evaluation of Gait

Foot and Toe Pathologies

Ankle and Leg Pathologies

Knee Pathologies

Patellofemoral Pathologies

Pelvis and Thigh Pathologies

Lumbosacral Pathologies

Cervical and Thoracic Spine and Thorax Pathologies

Shoulder and Upper Arm Pathologies

Elbow and Forearm Pathologies

Wrist, Hand, and Finger Pathologies

Eye Pathologies

Face and Related Structure Pathologies

Head and Acute Cervical Spine Pathologies

Filters

Exam 3: Evidence-Based Practice in the Diagnostic Process

What is the term used to identify how often a negative finding is correct?

Which positive likelihood ratio is considered "moderate but usually important"?

In trying to incorporate the literature into clinical practice,what is the best way to keep up with current research?

What is the term for the ability of a protocol to produce the intended effects?

Which of the following is not true regarding the use of clinical decision rules,also known as clinical prediction rules?

What is a test's clinical usefulness if the reliability measure is greater than 0.75?

What is the gold standard for diagnosing anterior cruciate ligament injuries?

Three clinicians (I,II,III)are working in the clinic and routinely rotate patients so they are familiar with all of their clients.Which of the following combinations of clinicians needs to work to make their skill set more reliable?

Which of the following terms describes when a certain number of individuals in a group sustain an injury?

A positive test result must have a minimum positive likelihood ratio of which of the following to significantly add to the pretest probability that the condition is present?

You and another athletic trainer share the responsibility of evaluating the star of the baseball team.In order for any follow-up evaluations to be useful and interpretable,what type of reliability must be highest?

Evidence-based practice,a foundation of best practice,is the incorporation of three elements into the decision-making process of patient care.Which of the following is not one of these elements?

When doing a literature search on a specific topic,you find two articles that were written based on different research methods.Of the choices listed below,the ________ represents the highest level of research design,and the __________ represents the lowest level.

The higher the prevalence of an injury,the __________ the effect on positive predictive value and the _______ the effect on negative predictive value.

Which of the following is not true about tests that are considered diagnostic gold standards?

What phrase best describes the shift in probability that is tied to a negative likelihood ratio greater than 0.5?

What is the term for a clinical test that incorrectly identifies a condition as present when there is no pathology?

A patient-centered approach is best described by which of the following?

What is the term for a situation in which the clinical test and the gold standard are both negative?

Which of the following factors does not influence reliability?

Examination Process

Examination and Management of Acute Pathologies

Injury Pathology Nomenclature

Musculoskeletal Diagnostic Techniques

Assessment of Posture

Evaluation of Gait

Foot and Toe Pathologies

Ankle and Leg Pathologies

Knee Pathologies

Patellofemoral Pathologies

Pelvis and Thigh Pathologies

Lumbosacral Pathologies

Cervical and Thoracic Spine and Thorax Pathologies

Shoulder and Upper Arm Pathologies

Elbow and Forearm Pathologies

Wrist, Hand, and Finger Pathologies

Eye Pathologies

Face and Related Structure Pathologies

Head and Acute Cervical Spine Pathologies

Filters

When doing a literature search on a specific topic,you find two articles that were written based on different research methods.Of the choices listed below,the represents the highest level of research design,and the __ represents the lowest level.

The higher the prevalence of an injury,the ____ the effect on positive predictive value and the _ the effect on negative predictive value.