Question 1

The main categories of biomes are based on differences in

Accepted Answer

A) climatic conditions. 
B) the ratio of plants to animals in the biome. 
C) the particular continent on which they are found. 
D) the density of the plants in the biome. 
A) climatic conditions. 
B) the ratio of plants to animals in the biome. 
C) the particular continent on which they are found. 
D) the density of the plants in the biome.

Question 2

The total allowable catch of a marine fish used for human food would be determined by calculating the

Accepted Answer

A) maximum sustainable yield. 
B) minimum sustainable yield. 
C) maximum consumptive use. 
D) carrying capacity of all species in the environment. 
A) maximum sustainable yield. 
B) minimum sustainable yield. 
C) maximum consumptive use. 
D) carrying capacity of all species in the environment.

Question 3

The greatest human impacts on ocean ecosystems are concentrated

Accepted Answer

A) in the northern hemisphere. 
B) around Australia. 
C) around South America. 
D) in the eastern Pacific. 
A) in the northern hemisphere. 
B) around Australia. 
C) around South America. 
D) in the eastern Pacific.

Question 4

Which of the following types of forest management is closest to sustainable forestry principles?

Accepted Answer

A) shelter-wood cutting and selective cutting 
B) selective cutting and clear-cutting 
C) clear-cutting and shelter-wood cutting 
D) clear-cutting followed by burning the cut areas 
A) shelter-wood cutting and selective cutting 
B) selective cutting and clear-cutting 
C) clear-cutting and shelter-wood cutting 
D) clear-cutting followed by burning the cut areas

Question 5

At the mouth of the Mississippi River in Louisiana,the loss of coastal wetlands due to human activities contributed to the extent of storm damage caused by recent severe hurricanes.This loss of coastal wetlands therefore represents a

Accepted Answer

A) loss of natural goods. 
B) loss of natural services. 
C) long-term regional benefit to humans. 
D) long-term economic benefit to humans. 
A) loss of natural goods. 
B) loss of natural services. 
C) long-term regional benefit to humans. 
D) long-term economic benefit to humans.

Question 6

Which of the following lumber harvesting strategies will most likely produce erosion problems?

Accepted Answer

A) clear-cutting 
B) selective cutting 
C) shelter-wood cutting 
D) sustainable forest management 
A) clear-cutting 
B) selective cutting 
C) shelter-wood cutting 
D) sustainable forest management

Question 7

The growth of the global fish harvest in the last 20 years has mostly been due to increases in

Accepted Answer

A) aquaculture. 
B) the major rivers of the world. 
C) freshwater capture fisheries. 
D) saltwater capture fisheries. 
A) aquaculture. 
B) the major rivers of the world. 
C) freshwater capture fisheries. 
D) saltwater capture fisheries.

Question 8

-The light color of the dying coral in this photo is most likely the result of

Accepted Answer

A) increased levels of sunlight. 
B) increased ocean temperatures. 
C) increased pH of the ocean. 
D) shifts in ocean currents. 
A) increased levels of sunlight. 
B) increased ocean temperatures. 
C) increased pH of the ocean. 
D) shifts in ocean currents.

Question 9

Because of a growing population of people and increased interests in fishing,a lake in Florida is experiencing increased harvests of the bass population.To better manage the bass population,ensure sustainability,and continue to draw tourists to this popular lake,the state government determines that all fishing in the lake should be stopped for 5 years.Using lessons from the study of the Santa Cruz River in Arizona ,the approach to this Florida lake problem would be better if the

Accepted Answer

A) local people were involved in determining how best to manage the fishing in this lake. 
B) federal government banned fishing every other year for the next 20 years. 
C) decisions about the management of this ecosystem were left up to the tourist industry. 
D) population of fish was instead managed to keep the bass population near carrying capacity. 
A) local people were involved in determining how best to manage the fishing in this lake. 
B) federal government banned fishing every other year for the next 20 years. 
C) decisions about the management of this ecosystem were left up to the tourist industry. 
D) population of fish was instead managed to keep the bass population near carrying capacity.

Question 10

The International Whaling Commission moratorium on whale hunting has been in effect since 1986 primarily because

Accepted Answer

A) enforcing and monitoring hunting in open oceans is very difficult. 
B) virtually all species of whales are classified as endangered species. 
C) of a worldwide recognition of the tourism value of whales. 
D) of viral infections that make all whale meat unsuitable for human consumption. 
A) enforcing and monitoring hunting in open oceans is very difficult. 
B) virtually all species of whales are classified as endangered species. 
C) of a worldwide recognition of the tourism value of whales. 
D) of viral infections that make all whale meat unsuitable for human consumption.

Question 11

In general,whale watching

Accepted Answer

A) has provided scientific and conservation value for whales. 
B) encourages the sale of whale meat and other whale-derived products. 
C) has disrupted the natural social interactions of whales and contributed to their population decline. 
D) has had little impact on our scientific understanding of the species because whales do not behave naturally when humans are around. 
A) has provided scientific and conservation value for whales. 
B) encourages the sale of whale meat and other whale-derived products. 
C) has disrupted the natural social interactions of whales and contributed to their population decline. 
D) has had little impact on our scientific understanding of the species because whales do not behave naturally when humans are around.

Question 12

Sustainable exploitation of natural ecosystems will most likely

Accepted Answer

A) increase the ecosystem capital of the ecosystem. 
B) decrease the ecosystem capital of the ecosystem. 
C) maintain the ecosystem capital of the ecosystem. 
D) convert the natural resources into ecosystem capital. 
A) increase the ecosystem capital of the ecosystem. 
B) decrease the ecosystem capital of the ecosystem. 
C) maintain the ecosystem capital of the ecosystem. 
D) convert the natural resources into ecosystem capital.

Question 13

In general,coral reef ecosystems globally

Accepted Answer

A) provide very little ecosystem capital. 
B) are in critical condition in the Caribbean,but healthy elsewhere. 
C) are recovering quickly from human-caused damage because corals grow quickly. 
D) are sensitive to pollution,physical breakage and invasive species. 
A) provide very little ecosystem capital. 
B) are in critical condition in the Caribbean,but healthy elsewhere. 
C) are recovering quickly from human-caused damage because corals grow quickly. 
D) are sensitive to pollution,physical breakage and invasive species.

Question 14

Individual restraints when using common-pool resources are necessary to prevent

Accepted Answer

A) increases in the maximum sustainable yield. 
B) the tragedy of the commons. 
C) a shift from productive to consumptive use of resources. 
D) shifts in the carrying capacity of natural populations. 
A) increases in the maximum sustainable yield. 
B) the tragedy of the commons. 
C) a shift from productive to consumptive use of resources. 
D) shifts in the carrying capacity of natural populations.

Question 15

Which type of tenure is most likely associated with fishing in the open ocean?

Accepted Answer

A) private ownership 
B) open access 
C) communal ownership 
D) state ownership 
A) private ownership 
B) open access 
C) communal ownership 
D) state ownership

Question 16

In general,the optimal population for harvesting

Accepted Answer

A) the maximum sustainable yield is at about half of the carrying capacity of the population. 
B) the maximum sustainable yield is at about 90% of the carrying capacity of the population. 
C) a plant population is quite different from the optimal population for harvesting animals. 
D) any organism is independent of the carrying capacity of the environment. 
A) the maximum sustainable yield is at about half of the carrying capacity of the population. 
B) the maximum sustainable yield is at about 90% of the carrying capacity of the population. 
C) a plant population is quite different from the optimal population for harvesting animals. 
D) any organism is independent of the carrying capacity of the environment.

Question 17

Care and proper management of the world's biomes are necessary to maintain sustainability.However,some ecosystems are in better condition than others.Which one of the following regions appears to be healthiest and best managed today?

Accepted Answer

A) tropical forests in South America 
B) forests in the United States 
C) coral reefs throughout the world 
D) coastal regions in the North Sea 
A) tropical forests in South America 
B) forests in the United States 
C) coral reefs throughout the world 
D) coastal regions in the North Sea

Question 18

The application of the precautionary principle to a commercial fishery whose primary catch species is in decline would result in

Accepted Answer

A) many years in which no fish are harvested at all. 
B) an optimal population size that is just about the maximum sustainable yield. 
C) a total allowable catch above the best estimate of the maximum sustainable yield. 
D) a total allowable catch below the best estimate of the maximum sustainable yield. 
A) many years in which no fish are harvested at all. 
B) an optimal population size that is just about the maximum sustainable yield. 
C) a total allowable catch above the best estimate of the maximum sustainable yield. 
D) a total allowable catch below the best estimate of the maximum sustainable yield.

Question 19

-The Thailand shrimp farm in this photo was built in a mangrove wetland.Overall,the ecosystem capital in this particular region has

Accepted Answer

A) increased because of the investment in this shrimp industry. 
B) increased because the shrimp farm decreases the need to harvest wild populations of shrimp. 
C) decreased because the value of the shrimp farm is less than 10% of the value of services provided by the intact mangrove wetland. 
D) decreased because on average,the shrimp farm only provides more valuable services than the original wetland for 50 years. 
A) increased because of the investment in this shrimp industry. 
B) increased because the shrimp farm decreases the need to harvest wild populations of shrimp. 
C) decreased because the value of the shrimp farm is less than 10% of the value of services provided by the intact mangrove wetland. 
D) decreased because on average,the shrimp farm only provides more valuable services than the original wetland for 50 years.

Question 20

The reauthorization of the Magnuson Act now

Accepted Answer

A) requires an ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management. 
B) limits catches of all commercial species to below maximum sustainable yield. 
C) decreases the role of the Scientific and Statistical Committee,shifting data collection to the local fisherman. 
D) encourages the collection of bycatch as a new source of revenue. 
A) requires an ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management. 
B) limits catches of all commercial species to below maximum sustainable yield. 
C) decreases the role of the Scientific and Statistical Committee,shifting data collection to the local fisherman. 
D) encourages the collection of bycatch as a new source of revenue.

Exam 7: The Use and Restoration of Ecosystems

The main categories of biomes are based on differences in

The total allowable catch of a marine fish used for human food would be determined by calculating the

The greatest human impacts on ocean ecosystems are concentrated

Which of the following types of forest management is closest to sustainable forestry principles?

At the mouth of the Mississippi River in Louisiana,the loss of coastal wetlands due to human activities contributed to the extent of storm damage caused by recent severe hurricanes.This loss of coastal wetlands therefore represents a

Which of the following lumber harvesting strategies will most likely produce erosion problems?

The growth of the global fish harvest in the last 20 years has mostly been due to increases in

-The light color of the dying coral in this photo is most likely the result of

The International Whaling Commission moratorium on whale hunting has been in effect since 1986 primarily because

In general,whale watching

Sustainable exploitation of natural ecosystems will most likely

In general,coral reef ecosystems globally

Individual restraints when using common-pool resources are necessary to prevent

Which type of tenure is most likely associated with fishing in the open ocean?

In general,the optimal population for harvesting

Care and proper management of the world's biomes are necessary to maintain sustainability.However,some ecosystems are in better condition than others.Which one of the following regions appears to be healthiest and best managed today?

The application of the precautionary principle to a commercial fishery whose primary catch species is in decline would result in

-The Thailand shrimp farm in this photo was built in a mangrove wetland.Overall,the ecosystem capital in this particular region has

The reauthorization of the Magnuson Act now

Science and the Environment

Economics, Politics, and Public Policy

Basic Needs of Living Things

Populations and Communities

Ecosystems: Energy, Patterns, and Disturbance

Wild Species and Biodiversity

The Human Population

Population and Development

Water: Hydrologic Cycle and Human Use

Soil: Foundation for Land Ecosystems

The Production and Distribution of Food

Pests and Pest Control

Energy From Fossil Fuels

Nuclear Power

Renewable Energy

Environmental Hazards and Human Health

Global Climate Change

Atmospheric Pollution

Water Pollution and Its Prevention

Municipal Solid Waste: Disposal and Recovery

Hazardous Chemicals: Pollution and Prevention

Sustainable Communities and Lifestyles

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