Exam 2: Theoretical Approaches to Gender Development

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Define the following -Symbolic interaction theory

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Symbolic interactionism claims that through communication with others we learn who we are and how our culture views our identity.Parents and other people tell the child who she or he is through their communication with him/her.

Biological theory says that genes,hormones,and brain structure are the basis of gender difference.

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When parents who seek to promote traditional gendered behaviors in their children reward tomboys for wearing frilly dresses or punish effeminate boys for playing with Barbies,they are assuming which theory of gender?

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C

Define the following -Cognitive development theory

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According to standpoint theory

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Using an example from your own life or experience,describe an example of social learning theory in action.Be sure to give sufficient detail from the theory and your experience.

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Performative theory says that gender is not a thing we have,but is instead a thing we do.

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Gender schema theory claims that by the age of two,children use the concept of gender to organize their understandings.

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Research into female hormones asserts that

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Children learn who they are and what that means in their culture through interaction with parents,teachers,and friends.Through this,they learn gender roles for men and women and may internalize them.Which theory does this definition best describe?

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What does it mean to say that gender should be viewed as a verb,not a noun? How is gender social? Finally,what are the implications of such claims? Your response should be grounded in performative theory about gender.

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The author of your textbook notes that "Using the term man to describe Zac Efron,Barack Obama,and Kanye West obscures the very different ways that these three people enact their identities as men." Using queer theory,explain what the author means by this statement.How can there be so much variation in a word like man.How is a label like this seen by queer theorists?

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Four-year-old Caroline and seven-year-old Jenny are sisters who live and have been raised in the United States.Jenny plays a game in which she is a mother and her stuffed animals are her children.Jenny hugs them and pretends to carefully feed them.Later,young Caroline repeats the same hugging and feeding behaviors with her dolls.Caroline's mother sees this and states,"Caroline,someday you'll be a good mommy." How would anthropological theory of gender explain Caroline's behaviors? How would cognitive development theory explain Caroline's behaviors? Make sure you address "maternal instinct" in your answer.

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Define the following -Social learning theory

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Biological theory suggests that men and women's brains are formed and develop differently,resulting in different behaviors and characteristics.

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Biological theories attribute some aspects of masculinity and femininity to the differences between male and female bodies.Yet,the author of your textbook notes that biological differences between women and men are quite small and do not explain most behavioral differences.How should the relationship between biology and gender be understood?

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Define the following -Psychodynamic theory

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Parents' roles in children's gender development are seen as unimportant by cognitive development theory.

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Define the following -Queer theory

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According to standpoint theory,all perspectives on social life are equally insightful.

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