Chat with AIExam 15: Deterrence, Routine Activity, and Rational Choice Theories
Discuss the routine activities approach to crime,including its assumptions.
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Answered by Examlex AI CopilotThe routine activities approach to crime is a theory that focuses on the everyday activities and behaviors of individuals as they go about their daily lives. This approach suggests that crime occurs when three elements converge: a motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian.
The assumptions of the routine activities approach include the belief that crime is a normal part of human behavior and that it is influenced by the routine activities and lifestyles of individuals. It also assumes that crime is opportunistic and that offenders are rational decision-makers who seek out easy targets in the absence of guardianship.
This approach emphasizes the importance of understanding the patterns of daily activities and routines of individuals in order to prevent crime. By identifying and addressing the factors that contribute to the convergence of motivated offenders, suitable targets, and the absence of capable guardians, it is believed that crime can be reduced.
Overall, the routine activities approach to crime provides a framework for understanding the situational and environmental factors that contribute to criminal behavior, and it highlights the importance of addressing these factors in order to prevent crime.
Into which of Ronald Clarke's categories of situational crime prevention techniques does alcohol-free events fit?
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What is meant by increasing the certainty of punishment? Provide on example of these strategies.To what extent does this strategy deter crime?
(38) Answered by Examlex AI CopilotIncreasing the certainty of punishment refers to the idea that individuals are more likely to be deterred from committing crimes if they believe they will be caught and punished. This strategy focuses on making sure that the likelihood of being apprehended and facing consequences for criminal behavior is high.
One example of a strategy to increase the certainty of punishment is the use of surveillance cameras in public spaces. These cameras can help law enforcement identify and apprehend individuals who commit crimes, thus increasing the likelihood of being caught and punished.
The extent to which increasing the certainty of punishment deters crime can vary depending on the specific circumstances and the individuals involved. Research has shown that increasing the certainty of punishment can have a deterrent effect on crime, particularly for individuals who are more rational and calculating in their decision-making. However, for individuals who are impulsive or have a high tolerance for risk, the impact of this strategy may be less significant. Overall, while increasing the certainty of punishment can be an effective deterrent for some individuals, it is just one of many factors that can influence criminal behavior.
Which of the following did the Winnipeg Auto Theft Suppression Strategy NOT employ?
(40) Into which of Ronald Clarke's categories of situational crime prevention techniques does the disabling of stolen cell phones fit?
(40) Describe the efforts undertaken to reduce gang violence under Boston's Operation Ceasefire,and document the effects of the program.
(35) Which of the following is the principal goal of the Perry Preschool Project?
(42) Discuss the assumptions of environmental criminology and how this theory conceptualizes the decision-making process of offenders as to whether or not to commit crimes.
(37) A Florida study found that a majority of young offenders reduced their criminal behaviour when they turned 18 because of the prospect of being tried in an adult court.
(30) Identify and discuss critiques of rational choice theory and routine activities theory.
(38) Research has shown that when trying to deter crime the certainty of punishment is more important than the severity of punishment.
(29) Mandatory minimum sentences for certain criminal offences exist in the United States,but not in Canada.
(38) Which pre-20th century thinker can best be considered the grandfather of deterrence theory?
(43) Describe the Perry Preschool Project and how it satisfies the dictates of crime prevention through social development.What were the results of the project according to the most recent follow-up?
(39) Which of the following statements is true with respect to mandatory minimum sentencing laws brought in by the federal Conservative government in Canada?
(37) The high frequency of repeat victimization supports lifestyle/exposure theory.
(28) What is the school of criminology that argues that criminal offenders are more likely to commit their offences along the paths they travel in the course of their daily activities?
(30) Which of the following theories argues that crime will not occur unless there is a motivated offender,a suitable target,and ineffective guardianship of that target?
(36) Discuss the need for comprehensive crime prevention initiatives,emphasizing how different strategies can be combined to most effectively reduce both the opportunities for crime as well as the root causes of criminal behaviour.
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