Exam 15: Economics and Urbanization

When we purchase a product, the price we pay directly reflects the _____ cost of producing it. If the manufacture of the product degrades the quality of air or water, then the costs of this pollution are termed _____ costs.

Which would be an example of sustainable development?

Cap-and-trade is a system where market forces help drive sustainability.

Mass transportation in urban areas is one example of how cities have negative impacts on the environment.

Taking advantage of utilizing existing resources and infrastructure to plan communities is described as

The emphasis in the traditional U.S. suburban development is on ____. This is reflected by the _____.

Many businesses are exploring and adopting the "design for the environment." Which of the following is not associated with this approach?

A major criticism of the 'limits to growth' model is that it doesn't fully account for technological innovations.

__________ applies ecological ideas of system functions and recycling definition of resources.

Which is an example of a pull factor for an urban area?

This form of economics assumes that natural resources are finite (such as oil, gold, and water) and exist in fixed amounts. A farmer's marker is a good example.

When a factory pollutes a river, the costs and losses that affect people downstream would be called

In many U.S. cities, poor, undereducated, minority, and other less powerful groups are often concentrated

_________ is an example of green infrastructure that improve air quality, conserve energy, reduce storm water runoff, reduce noise, and helps reduce urban heat island effects.

Which is not a negative consequence of urban sprawl?

The estimated annual value of soil formation by natural systems is more than 10 trillion dollars.

Reflects the local economy by accounting for only those goods and services bought and sold locally

In 1950, only ____ percent of the world's population lived in cities.

Renewable resources are those that

Traditional suburban development does not