Question 1

The condition that causes pulmonary compliance to increase is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Asthma 
B)  Kyphoscoliosis 
C)  Emphysema 
D)  Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 
A)  Asthma 
B)  Kyphoscoliosis 
C)  Emphysema 
D)  Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) C

Question 2

Calculate airway resistance (Raw)for a ventilator patient,in cm H2O/L/sec,with the following information: Peak inspiratory pressure (PIP)is 20 cm H2O,plateau pressure (Pplateau)is 15 cm H2O,PEEP is 5 cm H2O,and set flow rate is 50 L/min.

Accepted Answer

A)  5 Raw 
B)  6 Raw 
C)  10 Raw 
D)  15 Raw 
A)  5 Raw 
B)  6 Raw 
C)  10 Raw 
D)  15 Raw B

Question 3

Evaluate the combinations of compliance and resistance and select the combination that will cause the lungs to empty slowest.

Accepted Answer

A)  CS = 0.05 L/cm H2O Raw = 2 cm H2O/(L/sec) 
B)  CS = 0.05 L/cm H2O Raw = 6 cm H2O/(L/sec) 
C)  CS = 0.03 L/cm H2O Raw = 5 cm H2O/(L/sec) 
D)  CS = 0.03 L/cm H2O Raw = 8 cm H2O/(L/sec) 
A)  CS = 0.05 L/cm H2O Raw = 2 cm H2O/(L/sec) 
B)  CS = 0.05 L/cm H2O Raw = 6 cm H2O/(L/sec) 
C)  CS = 0.03 L/cm H2O Raw = 5 cm H2O/(L/sec) 
D)  CS = 0.03 L/cm H2O Raw = 8 cm H2O/(L/sec) B

Question 4

Calculate the pressure required to achieve a tidal volume of 400 mL for an intubated patient with a respiratory system compliance of 15 mL/cm H2O.

Accepted Answer

A)  6 cm H2O 
B)  26.7 cm H2O 
C)  37.5 cm H2O 
D)  41.5 cm H2O 
A)  6 cm H2O 
B)  26.7 cm H2O 
C)  37.5 cm H2O 
D)  41.5 cm H2O

Question 5

Calculate the static compliance (CS),in mL/cm H2O,when PIP is 26 cm H2O,plateau pressure (Pplateau)is 19 cm H2O,baseline pressure is 5 cm H2O and exhaled tidal volume (VT)is 425 mL.

Accepted Answer

A)  16 
B)  20 
C)  22 
D)  30 
A)  16 
B)  20 
C)  22 
D)  30

Question 6

An increase in peak inspiratory pressure (PIP)without an increase in plateau pressure (Pplateau)is associated with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase in static compliance (CS) 
B)  Decrease in static compliance (CS) 
C)  Increase in airway resistance 
D)  Decrease in airway resistance 
A)  Increase in static compliance (CS) 
B)  Decrease in static compliance (CS) 
C)  Increase in airway resistance 
D)  Decrease in airway resistance

Question 7

Air accidently trapped in the lungs due to mechanical ventilation is known as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plateau pressure (Pplateau) 
B)  Functional residual capacity (FR
C)  
C)  Extrinsic positive end expiratory pressure (extrinsic PEEP) 
D)  Intrinsic positive end expiratory pressure (intrinsic PEEP) 
A)  Plateau pressure (Pplateau) 
B)  Functional residual capacity (FR
C)  
C)  Extrinsic positive end expiratory pressure (extrinsic PEEP) 
D)  Intrinsic positive end expiratory pressure (intrinsic PEEP)

Question 8

The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during normal spontaneous breathing is depicted by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)   
D)   
A)    
B)    
C)   
D)

Question 9

Calculate the effective static compliance (Cs)given the following information about a patient receiving mechanical ventilation: peak inspiratory pressure (PIP)is 56 cm H2O,plateau pressure (Pplateau)is 40 cm H2O,exhaled tidal volume (VT)is 650 mL,and positive-end expiratory pressure (PEEP)is 10 cm H2O.

Accepted Answer

A)  14.1 mL/cm H2O 
B)  16.3 mL/ cm H2O 
C)  21.7 mL/cm H2O 
D)  40.6 mL/cm H2O 
A)  14.1 mL/cm H2O 
B)  16.3 mL/ cm H2O 
C)  21.7 mL/cm H2O 
D)  40.6 mL/cm H2O

Question 10

Evaluate the combinations of compliance and resistance and select the combination that will cause the lungs to fill fastest.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cs = 0.1 L/cm H2O Raw = 1 cm H2O/(L/sec) 
B)  Cs = 0.1 L/cm H2O Raw = 10 cm H2O/(L/sec) 
C)  Cs = 0.03 L/cm H2O Raw = 1 cm H2O/(L/sec) 
D)  Cs = 0.03 L/cm H2O Raw = 10 cm H2O/(L/sec) 
A)  Cs = 0.1 L/cm H2O Raw = 1 cm H2O/(L/sec) 
B)  Cs = 0.1 L/cm H2O Raw = 10 cm H2O/(L/sec) 
C)  Cs = 0.03 L/cm H2O Raw = 1 cm H2O/(L/sec) 
D)  Cs = 0.03 L/cm H2O Raw = 10 cm H2O/(L/sec)

Question 11

The condition that is associated with an increase in airway resistance is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pulmonary edema 
B)  Bronchospasm 
C)  Fibrosis 
D)  Ascites 
A)  Pulmonary edema 
B)  Bronchospasm 
C)  Fibrosis 
D)  Ascites

Question 12

What type of ventilator increases transpulmonary pressure (PL)by mimicking the normal mechanism for inspiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) 
B)  Negative pressure ventilation (NPV) 
C)  High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) 
D)  High frequency positive pressure ventilation (HFPPV) 
A)  Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) 
B)  Negative pressure ventilation (NPV) 
C)  High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) 
D)  High frequency positive pressure ventilation (HFPPV)

Question 13

Calculate airway resistance (Raw )for a ventilator patient,in cm H2O/L/sec,when the peak inspiratory pressure (PIP)is 50 cm H2O,the plateau pressure (Pplateau)is 15 cm H2O,and the set flow rate is 60 L/min.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.58 Raw 
B)  1.2 Raw 
C)  35 Raw 
D)  50 Raw 
A)  0.58 Raw 
B)  1.2 Raw 
C)  35 Raw 
D)  50 Raw

Question 14

The ventilator that functions most physiologically uses which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Open loop 
B)  Double circuit 
C)  Positive pressure 
D)  Negative pressure 
A)  Open loop 
B)  Double circuit 
C)  Positive pressure 
D)  Negative pressure

Question 15

Plateau pressure (Pplateau)is measured during which phase of the ventilatory cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inspiration 
B)  End-inspiration 
C)  Expiration 
D)  End-expiration 
A)  Inspiration 
B)  End-inspiration 
C)  Expiration 
D)  End-expiration

Question 16

Use this figure to compute the static compliance for an intubated patient with an inspiratory flow rate set at 70 L/min.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.2 cm H2O/(L/sec) 
B)  11.7 cm H2O/(L/sec) 
C)  16.7 cm H2O/(L/sec) 
D)  20 cm H2O/(L/sec) 
A)  0.2 cm H2O/(L/sec) 
B)  11.7 cm H2O/(L/sec) 
C)  16.7 cm H2O/(L/sec) 
D)  20 cm H2O/(L/sec)

Question 17

The term used to describe the tendency of a structure to return to its original form after being stretched or acted on by an outside force is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Elastance 
B)  Compliance 
C)  Viscous resistance 
D)  Distending pressure 
A)  Elastance 
B)  Compliance 
C)  Viscous resistance 
D)  Distending pressure

Question 18

The respiratory therapist should expect which of the following findings while ventilating a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

Accepted Answer

A)  An elevated plateau pressure (Pplateau) 
B)  A decreased elastic resistance 
C)  A low peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) 
D)  A large transairway pressure (PT
A) gradient 
A)  An elevated plateau pressure (Pplateau) 
B)  A decreased elastic resistance 
C)  A low peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) 
D)  A large transairway pressure (PT
A) gradient

Question 19

The formula used for the calculation of static compliance (CS)is which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) (Peak pressure (PIP)- EEP)/tidal volume (VT) CS = (PIP-EEP)/VT B) (Plateau pressure (Pplateau)- EEP/tidal volume (VT) CS = (Pplateau - EEP)/VT C) Tidal volume/(plateau pressure - EEP) CS = VT/(Pplateau - EEP) D) Tidal volume /(peak pressure (PIP)- plateau pressure (Pplateau )) CS = VT /(PIP- Pplateau) A) (Peak pressure (PIP)- EEP)/tidal volume (VT) CS = (PIP-EEP)/VT B) (Plateau pressure (Pplateau)- EEP/tidal volume (VT) CS = (Pplateau - EEP)/VT C) Tidal volume/(plateau pressure - EEP) CS = VT/(Pplateau - EEP) D) Tidal volume /(peak pressure (PIP)- plateau pressure (Pplateau )) CS = VT /(PIP- Pplateau)

Question 20

How many time constants are necessary for 95% of the tidal volume (VT)to be delivered from a mechanical ventilator?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4

Exam 1: Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation

The condition that causes pulmonary compliance to increase is which of the following?

Calculate airway resistance (Raw)for a ventilator patient,in cm H2O/L/sec,with the following information: Peak inspiratory pressure (PIP)is 20 cm H2O,plateau pressure (Pplateau)is 15 cm H2O,PEEP is 5 cm H2O,and set flow rate is 50 L/min.

Evaluate the combinations of compliance and resistance and select the combination that will cause the lungs to empty slowest.

Calculate the pressure required to achieve a tidal volume of 400 mL for an intubated patient with a respiratory system compliance of 15 mL/cm H2O.

Calculate the static compliance (CS),in mL/cm H2O,when PIP is 26 cm H2O,plateau pressure (Pplateau)is 19 cm H2O,baseline pressure is 5 cm H2O and exhaled tidal volume (VT)is 425 mL.

An increase in peak inspiratory pressure (PIP)without an increase in plateau pressure (Pplateau)is associated with which of the following?

Air accidently trapped in the lungs due to mechanical ventilation is known as which of the following?

The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during normal spontaneous breathing is depicted by which of the following?

Evaluate the combinations of compliance and resistance and select the combination that will cause the lungs to fill fastest.

The condition that is associated with an increase in airway resistance is which of the following?

What type of ventilator increases transpulmonary pressure (PL)by mimicking the normal mechanism for inspiration?

Calculate airway resistance (Raw )for a ventilator patient,in cm H2O/L/sec,when the peak inspiratory pressure (PIP)is 50 cm H2O,the plateau pressure (Pplateau)is 15 cm H2O,and the set flow rate is 60 L/min.

The ventilator that functions most physiologically uses which of the following?

Plateau pressure (Pplateau)is measured during which phase of the ventilatory cycle?

Use this figure to compute the static compliance for an intubated patient with an inspiratory flow rate set at 70 L/min.

The term used to describe the tendency of a structure to return to its original form after being stretched or acted on by an outside force is which of the following?

The respiratory therapist should expect which of the following findings while ventilating a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

The formula used for the calculation of static compliance (CS)is which of the following?

How many time constants are necessary for 95% of the tidal volume (VT)to be delivered from a mechanical ventilator?

How Ventilators Work

How a Breath Is Delivered

Establishing the Need for Mechanical Ventilation

Selecting the Ventilator and the Mode

Initial Ventilator Settings

Final Considerations in Ventilator Setup

Initial Patient Assessment

Ventilator Graphics

Assessment of Respiratory Function

Hemodynamic Monitoring

Methods to Improve Ventilation in Patient-Ventilator Management

Improving Oxygenation and Management of Ards

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Sedatives,Analgesics,and Paralytics

Extrapulmonary Effects of Mechanical Ventilation

Effects of Positive Pressure Ventilation on the Pulmonary System

Troubleshooting and Problem Solving

Basic Concepts of Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation

Discontinuation and Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation

Long Term Ventilation

Neonatal and Pediatric Ventilation

Special Techniques in Ventilatory Support

Filters

Calculate airway resistance (R_aw)for a ventilator patient,in cm H₂O/L/sec,with the following information: Peak inspiratory pressure (PIP)is 20 cm H₂O,plateau pressure (P_plateau)is 15 cm H₂O,PEEP is 5 cm H₂O,and set flow rate is 50 L/min.

Calculate the pressure required to achieve a tidal volume of 400 mL for an intubated patient with a respiratory system compliance of 15 mL/cm H₂O.

Calculate the static compliance (C_S),in mL/cm H₂O,when PIP is 26 cm H₂O,plateau pressure (P_plateau)is 19 cm H₂O,baseline pressure is 5 cm H₂O and exhaled tidal volume (V_T)is 425 mL.

An increase in peak inspiratory pressure (PIP)without an increase in plateau pressure (P_plateau)is associated with which of the following?

What type of ventilator increases transpulmonary pressure (P_L)by mimicking the normal mechanism for inspiration?

Calculate airway resistance (R_aw )for a ventilator patient,in cm H₂O/L/sec,when the peak inspiratory pressure (PIP)is 50 cm H₂O,the plateau pressure (P_plateau)is 15 cm H₂O,and the set flow rate is 60 L/min.

Plateau pressure (P_plateau)is measured during which phase of the ventilatory cycle?

The formula used for the calculation of static compliance (C_S)is which of the following?

How many time constants are necessary for 95% of the tidal volume (V_T)to be delivered from a mechanical ventilator?