Question 1

Which of the following dental local anesthetics is associated with an increased incidence of paresthesia following an inferior alveolar (IA)block?

Accepted Answer

A) Lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1:100,000 
B) Lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1:50,000 
C) Mepivacaine 2% with levonordefrin 1:20,000 
D) Prilocaine 4% with epinephrine 1:200,000 
E) Articaine 4% with epinephrine 1:100,000 
A) Lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1:100,000 
B) Lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1:50,000 
C) Mepivacaine 2% with levonordefrin 1:20,000 
D) Prilocaine 4% with epinephrine 1:200,000 
E) Articaine 4% with epinephrine 1:100,000 E

Question 2

Local anesthetics cross

Accepted Answer

A) the placenta and blood-brain barrier. 
B) the placenta but not the blood-brain barrier. 
C) the blood-brain barrier but not the placenta. 
D) neither the placenta nor the blood-brain barrier. 
A) the placenta and blood-brain barrier. 
B) the placenta but not the blood-brain barrier. 
C) the blood-brain barrier but not the placenta. 
D) neither the placenta nor the blood-brain barrier. A

Question 3

No justification exists for the use of epinephrine in a concentration greater than 1:200,000,except in cases in which hemostasis is needed.

Accepted Answer

A) 1:200,000 
B) 1:100,000 
C) 1:50,000 
D) 1:20,000 
A) 1:200,000 
B) 1:100,000 
C) 1:50,000 
D) 1:20,000 A

Question 4

Which of the following local anesthetics is safest to use for dental treatment for a pregnant woman?

Accepted Answer

A) Mepivacaine 
B) Lidocaine 
C) Articaine 
D) Bupivacaine 
A) Mepivacaine 
B) Lidocaine 
C) Articaine 
D) Bupivacaine

Question 5

The following states are characteristics of the salt form of a local anesthetic except which one?

Accepted Answer

A) Charged,cation (ionized) 
B) Alkaline 
C) Crystalline solid 
D) Stable 
A) Charged,cation (ionized) 
B) Alkaline 
C) Crystalline solid 
D) Stable

Question 6

The cationic form of a local anesthetic is needed to penetrate the nerve membrane,and the free base form exerts blocking action by binding to the specific receptor site.

Accepted Answer

A) Both statements are true. 
B) Both statements are false. 
C) The statement is true,the second is false. 
D) The first statement is false,the second is true. 
A) Both statements are true. 
B) Both statements are false. 
C) The statement is true,the second is false. 
D) The first statement is false,the second is true.

Question 7

Each of the following will decrease the ability of dental local anesthetic to penetrate the nerve fiber except one.Which is the exception?

Accepted Answer

A) Local inflammation 
B) Dilution by fluid 
C) Infection 
D) Free-base form 
A) Local inflammation 
B) Dilution by fluid 
C) Infection 
D) Free-base form

Question 8

Which of the following local anesthetic agents have the potential to cause methemoglobinemia as an adverse effect?

Accepted Answer

A) Prilocaine and lidocaine 
B) Lidocaine and mepivacaine 
C) Prilocaine and mepivacaine 
D) Prilocaine and articaine 
E) Mepivacaine and articaine 
A) Prilocaine and lidocaine 
B) Lidocaine and mepivacaine 
C) Prilocaine and mepivacaine 
D) Prilocaine and articaine 
E) Mepivacaine and articaine

Question 9

Benzocaine cannot be converted to a water-soluble form for injection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

For lengthy dental procedures,bupivacaine is recommended over lidocaine because bupivacaine has a longer duration of action.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

All of the following are characteristics of the ideal local anesthetic except

Accepted Answer

A) sterilization by autoclave. 
B) slow onset. 
C) reversible. 
D) absence of local reactions. 
A) sterilization by autoclave. 
B) slow onset. 
C) reversible. 
D) absence of local reactions.

Question 12

Approximately _____% of articaine is metabolized by the liver.

Accepted Answer

A) 5 to 10 
B) 20 to 25 
C) 50 to 75 
D) 90 
A) 5 to 10 
B) 20 to 25 
C) 50 to 75 
D) 90

Question 13

The rate of local anesthetic absorption is increased by the presence of local inflammation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Reducing the rate of systemic absorption of a local anesthetic is important when it is used in dentistry because

Accepted Answer

A) otherwise,too large an area would be anesthetized. 
B) if not,the anesthesia would not last long enough to complete a dental procedure. 
C) the chance of systemic toxicity is reduced. 
D) local anesthesia is associated with respiratory depression. 
A) otherwise,too large an area would be anesthetized. 
B) if not,the anesthesia would not last long enough to complete a dental procedure. 
C) the chance of systemic toxicity is reduced. 
D) local anesthesia is associated with respiratory depression.

Question 15

A cardiac patient can be given _____ cartridges of a dental anesthetic with epinephrine 1:100,000 without exceeding the cardiac dose for the vasoconstrictor.

Accepted Answer

A) 0.5 
B) 2 
C) 4 
D) 6 
A) 0.5 
B) 2 
C) 4 
D) 6

Question 16

The vasoconstrictors are members of the autonomic nervous system drugs called the

Accepted Answer

A) adrenergic agonists. 
B) adrenergic antagonists. 
C) cholinergic agonists. 
D) cholinergic antagonists. 
A) adrenergic agonists. 
B) adrenergic antagonists. 
C) cholinergic agonists. 
D) cholinergic antagonists.

Question 17

In the presence of an acidic environment,such as infection or inflammation,the amount of free base is reduced;therefore _____ of the local anesthetic is in the ionized form,making anesthesia _____ difficult.

Accepted Answer

A) more;more 
B) more;less 
C) less;more 
D) less;less 
A) more;more 
B) more;less 
C) less;more 
D) less;less

Question 18

Which nerve function is the most sensitive to inhibition by local anesthetic agents?

Accepted Answer

A) Touch 
B) Warmth 
C) Pressure 
D) Autonomic 
E) Pain 
A) Touch 
B) Warmth 
C) Pressure 
D) Autonomic 
E) Pain

Question 19

Dental local anesthetics containing vasoconstrictors should not be used in patients with cardiovascular disease.The vasoconstrictor will elevate the blood pressure too much.

Accepted Answer

A) Both statements are true. 
B) Both statements are false. 
C) The first statement is true,the second statement is false. 
D) The first statement is false,the second statement is true. 
A) Both statements are true. 
B) Both statements are false. 
C) The first statement is true,the second statement is false. 
D) The first statement is false,the second statement is true.

Question 20

Lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000 provides a _____ duration of pulpal anesthesia.

Accepted Answer

A) 30-minute 
B) 30- to 60-minute 
C) 60- to 90-minute 
D) 90-minute or more 
A) 30-minute 
B) 30- to 60-minute 
C) 60- to 90-minute 
D) 90-minute or more

Exam 9: Local Anesthetics

Which of the following dental local anesthetics is associated with an increased incidence of paresthesia following an inferior alveolar (IA)block?

Local anesthetics cross

No justification exists for the use of epinephrine in a concentration greater than 1:200,000,except in cases in which hemostasis is needed.

Which of the following local anesthetics is safest to use for dental treatment for a pregnant woman?

The following states are characteristics of the salt form of a local anesthetic except which one?

The cationic form of a local anesthetic is needed to penetrate the nerve membrane,and the free base form exerts blocking action by binding to the specific receptor site.

Each of the following will decrease the ability of dental local anesthetic to penetrate the nerve fiber except one.Which is the exception?

Which of the following local anesthetic agents have the potential to cause methemoglobinemia as an adverse effect?

Benzocaine cannot be converted to a water-soluble form for injection.

For lengthy dental procedures,bupivacaine is recommended over lidocaine because bupivacaine has a longer duration of action.

All of the following are characteristics of the ideal local anesthetic except

Approximately _____% of articaine is metabolized by the liver.

The rate of local anesthetic absorption is increased by the presence of local inflammation.

Reducing the rate of systemic absorption of a local anesthetic is important when it is used in dentistry because

A cardiac patient can be given _____ cartridges of a dental anesthetic with epinephrine 1:100,000 without exceeding the cardiac dose for the vasoconstrictor.

The vasoconstrictors are members of the autonomic nervous system drugs called the

In the presence of an acidic environment,such as infection or inflammation,the amount of free base is reduced;therefore _____ of the local anesthetic is in the ionized form,making anesthesia _____ difficult.

Which nerve function is the most sensitive to inhibition by local anesthetic agents?

Dental local anesthetics containing vasoconstrictors should not be used in patients with cardiovascular disease.The vasoconstrictor will elevate the blood pressure too much.

Lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000 provides a _____ duration of pulpal anesthesia.

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In the presence of an acidic environment,such as infection or inflammation,the amount of free base is reduced;therefore _ of the local anesthetic is in the ionized form,making anesthesia _ difficult.