Question 1

The principle of crosscutting relationships states that a disrupted pattern is older than the cause of disruption.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

An angular unconformity is an erosion surface that is tilted from the horizontal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Half life is the time it takes for a given amount of a radioactive isotope to decay to half its original amount.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The ____ is based upon the observation that fossil species succeed one another through layers in a predictable order.

Accepted Answer

A) principle of lateral continuity 
B) principle of faunal succession 
C) principle of original horizontality 
D) principle of unconformities 
E) principle of radioactivity 
A) principle of lateral continuity 
B) principle of faunal succession 
C) principle of original horizontality 
D) principle of unconformities 
E) principle of radioactivity

Question 5

Under some circumstances,correlation between two regions can be made by assuming that similar rock types in the two regions formed at the same time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The principle of ______ states that fragments included in a host rock must be _______ than the host rock.

Accepted Answer

A) intrusion; older than 
B) inclusion; older than 
C) intrusion; younger than 
D) inclusion; younger than 
E) inclusion; the same age as 
A) intrusion; older than 
B) inclusion; older than 
C) intrusion; younger than 
D) inclusion; younger than 
E) inclusion; the same age as

Question 7

Radon is an intermediate product of uranium-238 decay.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The proportional amount of atoms that decay with time _____ by the high pressures and temperature of Earth's interior.

Accepted Answer

A) can be slightly accelerated 
B) can be slightly decelerated 
C) can be greatly accelerated 
D) can be greatly decelerated 
E) is not changed at all 
A) can be slightly accelerated 
B) can be slightly decelerated 
C) can be greatly accelerated 
D) can be greatly decelerated 
E) is not changed at all

Question 9

An index fossil is a fossil from a very short-lived,geographically widespread species known to exist during a specific interval of geologic time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The Earth is approximately _____ years old.

Accepted Answer

A) 4,500 to 4600 
B) 450,000 to 460,000 
C) 4,500,000 to 4,600,00 
D) 4,500,000,000 to 4,600,000,000 
E) 4,500,000,000,000 to 4,600,000,000,000 
A) 4,500 to 4600 
B) 450,000 to 460,000 
C) 4,500,000 to 4,600,00 
D) 4,500,000,000 to 4,600,000,000 
E) 4,500,000,000,000 to 4,600,000,000,000

Question 11

In a(n)__________ the erosional contact represents missing rock strata and separates sedimentary beds that are parallel.

Accepted Answer

A) disconformity 
B) basal conglomerate 
C) nonconformity 
D) boundary layer 
E) angular unconformity 
A) disconformity 
B) basal conglomerate 
C) nonconformity 
D) boundary layer 
E) angular unconformity

Question 12

Geologists use fossils in sedimentary rocks to assign their correct place in geologic history.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

In geology,_____ usually means determining time equivalency of rock units.

Accepted Answer

A) physical continuity 
B) unconformity 
C) lateral continuity 
D) correlation 
E) superposition 
A) physical continuity 
B) unconformity 
C) lateral continuity 
D) correlation 
E) superposition

Question 14

A(n)_______ is an erosional surface that represents a gap in the geologic record.

Accepted Answer

A) basal conglomerate 
B) unconformity 
C) boundary layer 
D) lamination 
E) marker horizon 
A) basal conglomerate 
B) unconformity 
C) boundary layer 
D) lamination 
E) marker horizon

Question 15

The principle of superposition states that within a sequence of undisturbed sedimentary rocks,the layers get younger going from bottom to top.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

In radioactive decay a(n)_______ emission is the emission of two neutrons and two protons from a nucleus.

Accepted Answer

A) beta 
B) gamma 
C) omega 
D) alpha 
E) psi 
A) beta 
B) gamma 
C) omega 
D) alpha 
E) psi

Question 17

Earth is between 1 and 2 billion years old.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

_______ is the spontaneous nuclear change of isotopes with unstable nuclei.

Accepted Answer

A) Structural geology 
B) Petrology 
C) Radioactive decay 
D) Fission 
E) Isotopic dating 
A) Structural geology 
B) Petrology 
C) Radioactive decay 
D) Fission 
E) Isotopic dating

Question 19

When marine geologists collects a core of undeformed ocean-floor sediment,they know that the youngest layer is on the top of the core and the oldest is at the bottom because of the principle of __.

Accepted Answer

A) supposition 
B) suspension 
C) superposition 
D) inclusion 
E) cross-cutting relationships 
A) supposition 
B) suspension 
C) superposition 
D) inclusion 
E) cross-cutting relationships

Question 20

The carbon-14 isotope disintegrates radioactively with a half-life of ______ years.

Accepted Answer

A) 4.5 billion 
B) 710 million 
C) 15 billion 
D) 24,000 
E) 5730 
A) 4.5 billion 
B) 710 million 
C) 15 billion 
D) 24,000 
E) 5730

Exam 8: Time and Geology

The principle of crosscutting relationships states that a disrupted pattern is older than the cause of disruption.

An angular unconformity is an erosion surface that is tilted from the horizontal.

Half life is the time it takes for a given amount of a radioactive isotope to decay to half its original amount.

The ____ is based upon the observation that fossil species succeed one another through layers in a predictable order.

Under some circumstances,correlation between two regions can be made by assuming that similar rock types in the two regions formed at the same time.

The principle of ______ states that fragments included in a host rock must be _______ than the host rock.

Radon is an intermediate product of uranium-238 decay.

The proportional amount of atoms that decay with time _____ by the high pressures and temperature of Earth's interior.

An index fossil is a fossil from a very short-lived,geographically widespread species known to exist during a specific interval of geologic time.

The Earth is approximately _____ years old.

In a(n)__________ the erosional contact represents missing rock strata and separates sedimentary beds that are parallel.

Geologists use fossils in sedimentary rocks to assign their correct place in geologic history.

In geology,_____ usually means determining time equivalency of rock units.

A(n)_______ is an erosional surface that represents a gap in the geologic record.

The principle of superposition states that within a sequence of undisturbed sedimentary rocks,the layers get younger going from bottom to top.

In radioactive decay a(n)_______ emission is the emission of two neutrons and two protons from a nucleus.

Earth is between 1 and 2 billion years old.

_______ is the spontaneous nuclear change of isotopes with unstable nuclei.

When marine geologists collects a core of undeformed ocean-floor sediment,they know that the youngest layer is on the top of the core and the oldest is at the bottom because of the principle of __.

The carbon-14 isotope disintegrates radioactively with a half-life of ______ years.

Introducing Geology,the Essentials of Plate Tectonics,and Other Important Concepts

Earths Interior and Geophysical Properties

The Sea Floor

Plate Tectonics

Mountain Belts and the Continental Crust

Geologic Structures

Earthquakes

Atoms,Elements and Minerals

Volcanism and Extrusive Rocks

Igneous Rocks, Intrusive Activity, and the Origin of Igneous Rocks

Weathering and Soil

Mass Wasting

Sediment and Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism, Metamorphic Rocks, and Hydrothermal Rocks

Streams and Floods

Ground Water

Deserts and Wind Action

Glaciers and Glaciation

Waves,Beaches and Coasts

Geologic Resources

The Earths Companions

Filters

The principle of states that fragments included in a host rock must be _ than the host rock.