Question 1

The basic data of science are

Accepted Answer

A) observations. 
B) facts. 
C) theories. 
D) hypotheses. 
A) observations. 
B) facts. 
C) theories. 
D) hypotheses. A

Question 2

Which of these is NOT a function of a useful theory?

Accepted Answer

A) It will generate research. 
B) It will be consistent with one's philosophy of life. 
C) It organizes observations. 
D) It serves as a guide to action. 
A) It will generate research. 
B) It will be consistent with one's philosophy of life. 
C) It organizes observations. 
D) It serves as a guide to action. B

Question 3

Any test that correlates with future behaviors is said to have

Accepted Answer

A) test-retest reliability. 
B) predictive validity. 
C) divergent validity. 
D) internal consistency. 
A) test-retest reliability. 
B) predictive validity. 
C) divergent validity. 
D) internal consistency. B

Question 4

What is the proper place of theory within science?

Accepted Answer

A) Theories enable scientists to know how they should live their lives. 
B) Theories are tools used by scientists to give meaning to observations. 
C) Theory building is the ultimate aim of science. 
D) Theories play no role in scientific pursuits. 
A) Theories enable scientists to know how they should live their lives. 
B) Theories are tools used by scientists to give meaning to observations. 
C) Theory building is the ultimate aim of science. 
D) Theories play no role in scientific pursuits.

Question 5

A researcher uses the number of times a person smiles at others as a measure of friendliness.This an example of

Accepted Answer

A) an operational definition. 
B) hypothesis testing. 
C) parsimony. 
D) internal consistency. 
A) an operational definition. 
B) hypothesis testing. 
C) parsimony. 
D) internal consistency.

Question 6

What is the relationship between theory and each of the following terms: (a) philosophy, (b) speculation, (c) hypothesis, and (d) taxonomy?

Accepted Answer

A theory is a set of related assumptions

Question 7

Psychologists generally agree that personality

Accepted Answer

A) refers mostly to surface traits. 
B) is largely inherited. 
C) can be explained by several different theories. 
D) can best be explained by a single theory. 
A) refers mostly to surface traits. 
B) is largely inherited. 
C) can be explained by several different theories. 
D) can best be explained by a single theory.

Question 8

Statements formed in an if-then framework are most likely

Accepted Answer

A) taxonomies. 
B) philosophies. 
C) theories. 
D) definitions of personality. 
A) taxonomies. 
B) philosophies. 
C) theories. 
D) definitions of personality.

Question 9

A set of related assumptions from which, by logical deductive reasoning, testable hypotheses can be drawn is

Accepted Answer

A) a philosophy. 
B) the definition of theory. 
C) the definition of taxonomy. 
D) an armchair speculation. 
A) a philosophy. 
B) the definition of theory. 
C) the definition of taxonomy. 
D) an armchair speculation.

Question 10

What is the relationship between theory and observation?

Accepted Answer

Theories and observations have a mutual

Question 11

A taxonomy is best defined as

Accepted Answer

A) an educated guess. 
B) a set of if-then statements. 
C) the study of the nature of reality. 
D) a classification system. 
A) an educated guess. 
B) a set of if-then statements. 
C) the study of the nature of reality. 
D) a classification system.

Question 12

Part of the internal consistency of a theory is

Accepted Answer

A) a taxonomy. 
B) a set of operational definitions. 
C) its agreement with older, more established theories. 
D) its empirical validity. 
A) a taxonomy. 
B) a set of operational definitions. 
C) its agreement with older, more established theories. 
D) its empirical validity.

Question 13

A useful theory must be falsifiable, which means that

Accepted Answer

A) it will eventually be proven false. 
B) it must be precise enough to suggest research that may either support or fail to support its major tenets. 
C) it should be flexible enough to encompass opposing data into its framework. 
D) it must be either true or false. 
A) it will eventually be proven false. 
B) it must be precise enough to suggest research that may either support or fail to support its major tenets. 
C) it should be flexible enough to encompass opposing data into its framework. 
D) it must be either true or false.

Question 14

Descriptive research

Accepted Answer

A) is designed to test hypotheses. 
B) contributes to expanding a theory. 
C) is that which uses an experimental design. 
D) is expressed by if-then statements. 
A) is designed to test hypotheses. 
B) contributes to expanding a theory. 
C) is that which uses an experimental design. 
D) is expressed by if-then statements.

Question 15

According to the authors of the text, personality theories

Accepted Answer

A) are former principles that have been proven true. 
B) originate from the historical, social, and psychological world of their originators. 
C) are useful tools of science to the extent that they are value free. 
D) should not be open to falsification. 
A) are former principles that have been proven true. 
B) originate from the historical, social, and psychological world of their originators. 
C) are useful tools of science to the extent that they are value free. 
D) should not be open to falsification.

Question 16

If scores on an instrument that measures introversion correlate highly with a number of other measures of introversion-for example, shyness and inhibition-then that instrument is said to have

Accepted Answer

A) discriminant validity. 
B) convergent validity. 
C) divergent validity. 
D) test-retest reliability. 
E) concurrent reliability. 
A) discriminant validity. 
B) convergent validity. 
C) divergent validity. 
D) test-retest reliability. 
E) concurrent reliability.

Question 17

The personalities, cognitive processes, developmental histories, and social experiences of personality theorists help shape their theories.The discipline that deals with these factors is called

Accepted Answer

A) personology. 
B) psychology. 
C) sociology. 
D) the psychology of science. 
E) psychobiology. 
A) personology. 
B) psychology. 
C) sociology. 
D) the psychology of science. 
E) psychobiology.

Question 18

Personality theorists have evolved different systems because

Accepted Answer

A) they have different conceptions as to the nature of humanity. 
B) they have had a variety of childhood and professional experiences. 
C) they begin with different assumptions concerning personality. 
D) Any or all the above are correct. 
A) they have different conceptions as to the nature of humanity. 
B) they have had a variety of childhood and professional experiences. 
C) they begin with different assumptions concerning personality. 
D) Any or all the above are correct.

Question 19

Which statement is most nearly true?

Accepted Answer

A) A theory can be a practical guide for a psychotherapist. 
B) Theory and practice are mutually exclusive. 
C) Other things being equal, the more complex a theory.the better. 
D) A good theory gives opposing answers to a single question. 
A) A theory can be a practical guide for a psychotherapist. 
B) Theory and practice are mutually exclusive. 
C) Other things being equal, the more complex a theory.the better. 
D) A good theory gives opposing answers to a single question.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a dimension used by the authors to assess a theorist's concept of humanity?

Accepted Answer

A) determinism versus free choice 
B) order versus disorder 
C) pessimism versus optimism 
D) conscious versus unconscious 
A) determinism versus free choice 
B) order versus disorder 
C) pessimism versus optimism 
D) conscious versus unconscious

The basic data of science are

Which of these is NOT a function of a useful theory?

Any test that correlates with future behaviors is said to have

What is the proper place of theory within science?

A researcher uses the number of times a person smiles at others as a measure of friendliness.This an example of

What is the relationship between theory and each of the following terms: (a) philosophy, (b) speculation, (c) hypothesis, and (d) taxonomy?

Psychologists generally agree that personality

Statements formed in an if-then framework are most likely

A set of related assumptions from which, by logical deductive reasoning, testable hypotheses can be drawn is

What is the relationship between theory and observation?

A taxonomy is best defined as

Part of the internal consistency of a theory is

A useful theory must be falsifiable, which means that

Descriptive research

According to the authors of the text, personality theories

If scores on an instrument that measures introversion correlate highly with a number of other measures of introversion-for example, shyness and inhibition-then that instrument is said to have

The personalities, cognitive processes, developmental histories, and social experiences of personality theorists help shape their theories.The discipline that deals with these factors is called

Personality theorists have evolved different systems because

Which statement is most nearly true?

Which of the following is NOT a dimension used by the authors to assess a theorist's concept of humanity?

Freud: Psychoanalysis

Adler: Individual Psychology

Jung: Analytical Psychology

Klein: Object Relations Theory

Horney: Psychoanalytic Social Theory

Erikson: Post-Freudian Theory

Fromm: Humanistic Psychoanalysis

Maslow: Holistic-Dynamic Theory

Rogers: Person-Centered Theory

May: Existential Psychology

Allport: Psychology of the Individual

Mccrae and Costas Five Factor Trait Theory

Eysencks Biologically Based Factor Theory

Buss: Evolutionary Theory of Personality

Skinner: Behavioral Analysis

Bandura: Social Cognitive Theory

Rotter and Mischel: Cognitive Social Learning Theory

Filters

Exam 1: Introduction to Personality Theory

The basic data of science are

Which of these is NOT a function of a useful theory?

Any test that correlates with future behaviors is said to have

What is the proper place of theory within science?

A researcher uses the number of times a person smiles at others as a measure of friendliness.This an example of

What is the relationship between theory and each of the following terms: (a) philosophy, (b) speculation, (c) hypothesis, and (d) taxonomy?

Psychologists generally agree that personality

Statements formed in an if-then framework are most likely

A set of related assumptions from which, by logical deductive reasoning, testable hypotheses can be drawn is

What is the relationship between theory and observation?

A taxonomy is best defined as

Part of the internal consistency of a theory is

A useful theory must be falsifiable, which means that

Descriptive research

According to the authors of the text, personality theories

If scores on an instrument that measures introversion correlate highly with a number of other measures of introversion-for example, shyness and inhibition-then that instrument is said to have

The personalities, cognitive processes, developmental histories, and social experiences of personality theorists help shape their theories.The discipline that deals with these factors is called

Personality theorists have evolved different systems because

Which statement is most nearly true?

Which of the following is NOT a dimension used by the authors to assess a theorist's concept of humanity?

Freud: Psychoanalysis

Adler: Individual Psychology

Jung: Analytical Psychology

Klein: Object Relations Theory

Horney: Psychoanalytic Social Theory

Erikson: Post-Freudian Theory

Fromm: Humanistic Psychoanalysis

Maslow: Holistic-Dynamic Theory

Rogers: Person-Centered Theory

May: Existential Psychology

Allport: Psychology of the Individual

Mccrae and Costas Five Factor Trait Theory

Eysencks Biologically Based Factor Theory

Buss: Evolutionary Theory of Personality

Skinner: Behavioral Analysis

Bandura: Social Cognitive Theory

Rotter and Mischel: Cognitive Social Learning Theory

Filters