Exam 4: Parties to a Crime

In criminal cases for accomplices,the prosecution needs only to prove that a criminal act was committed and that the person being charged as an accomplice somehow assisted in the commission of the crime.

An accessory after the fact might provide the principal or accomplices several forms of aid and assistance,including

Under common law,an accomplice could not be convicted of a crime unless the primary actor was also convicted.

Failure to act to prevent another from committing a crime is an affirmative act.

Although justification of a criminal act often is personal,some courts will allow a defense of justification to be raised by an accomplice

An excuse that does NOT allow the principal to escape liability is that the

The MPC states a person can be prosecuted as a principal when the crime is committed by an innocent agent if the person

What is the difference between a principal and an accessory?

The doctrine of innocent instrumentality runs into technical problems where a statute only applies to a certain class of people by definition.

Accomplice liability does not constitute an independent criminal offense.

An accessory after the fact is a person who intentionally counsels,solicits,or commands another in committing a criminal act.

One reason the criminal law holds an accomplice accountable to the same extent as a principal actor is

The Sherman-Sorrells test uses __________ as part of the test to determine if entrapment has occurred.

Liability as an accomplice does not extend to negligent and reckless conduct on the part of the primary actor that results in a criminal offense.

What are the three "complex situations" discussed in your text that affect the actor/accomplice relationship?

To establish ___________,the MPC requires a person to act with the purpose of promoting or facilitating a crime in order to be held liable as an accomplice by an act of omission.

An innocent agent or instrumentality requires,in part,that the accomplice be

What is the difference between a feigning primary party and an agent provocateur?

___________ is the mental state of intent that makes one liable as an accomplice.

A person who uses an innocent agent to commit a crime is considered an accomplice,not a principal.