Exam 15: Exporting,Importing,and Countertrade

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One drawback of relying on EMCs is that:

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C

Countertrade contracts may involve the exchange of poor-quality goods that the firm cannot dispose of profitably.

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Consider the incidence of countertrade.Where is it most common?

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Countertrade became popular in the1960s as a way for the Soviet Union and the Communist states of Eastern Europe,whose currencies were generally nonconvertible,to purchase imports.During the1980s,the practice became popular in many developing nations that lacked the foreign exchange to purchase necessary imports.Estimates of the percentage of world trade covered by some sort of countertrade agreement range from highs of 8 and 10 percent by value to lows of around 2 percent.In the tight monetary regime that followed the crisis in 1997,many Asian firms found it very difficult to get access to export credits to finance their own international trade.Thus they turned to the only option available to them-countertrade.

Many firms are not proactive simply because of their ignorance of foreign market opportunities.

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Large revenue and profit opportunities are typically available in foreign markets.

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A _____ allows for a delay in payment.

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The bill of lading serves all of the following purposes except:

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The agencies of the U.S.Department of Commerce provide the potential exporter with all of these services except:

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Countertrading is a common solution for nonconvertibility of currency.

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Describe the process involved in financing imports and exports using a letter of credit.Why has this system developed? What is the advantage of using this system?

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An export management company is an export specialist who acts as the export marketing department or international department for their client firms.

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_____ involves trading goods and services for other goods and services when they cannot be traded for money.

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Compare and contrast counterpurchase agreements and offset arrangements.Why might an exporter prefer an offset to a counterpurchase deal?

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A "best prospects" list:

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A shotgun approach to exporting will almost always result in that firm becoming established in any one market.

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When conventional means of payment are difficult,a firm might turn to countertrade as a means of structuring an international sale.

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Proactive firms do not consider exporting until their domestic market is saturated and the emergence of excess productive capacity at home forces them to look for growth opportunities in foreign markets.

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The mission of the Eximbank is to provide financing aid that will facilitate exports,imports,and the exchange of commodities between the U.S.and other countries.

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When one party agrees to purchase goods and services with a specified percentage of the proceeds from the original sale,and it can fulfill the obligation with any firm in the country to which the sale is being made,it is a(n):

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The letter of credit system has evolved to create a less risky environment for international trade.

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