Question 1

A nervous system pathway consists of two components.What are they?

Accepted Answer

A) An axon and a nucleus 
B) An axon and a ganglion 
C) A tract and a ganglion 
D) A tract and a nucleus 
E) A nucleus and a ganglion 
A) An axon and a nucleus 
B) An axon and a ganglion 
C) A tract and a ganglion 
D) A tract and a nucleus 
E) A nucleus and a ganglion

Question 2

This part of the brain is responsible for autonomic motor functions such as respiration,blood pressure,and heart rate,as well as for regulating muscle tone.

Accepted Answer

A) Sensory component of the reticular formation 
B) Prefrontal cortex 
C) Motor component of the reticular formation 
D) Amygdala 
E) Hypothalamus 
A) Sensory component of the reticular formation 
B) Prefrontal cortex 
C) Motor component of the reticular formation 
D) Amygdala 
E) Hypothalamus

Question 3

A nucleus is a

Accepted Answer

A) collection of neuron cell bodies within the PNS. 
B) collection of neuron cell bodies within the CNS. 
C) network of nerves. 
D) center that displays discrete anatomic boundaries. 
E) group of axons that travel together in the CNS. 
A) collection of neuron cell bodies within the PNS. 
B) collection of neuron cell bodies within the CNS. 
C) network of nerves. 
D) center that displays discrete anatomic boundaries. 
E) group of axons that travel together in the CNS.

Question 4

By the time a person reaches puberty,axon myelination throughout both the CNS and PNS is complete.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Adult males exhibit less lateralization than females and suffer less functional loss when one hemisphere is damaged.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A brain lesion in the __________ may cause personality abnormalities.

Accepted Answer

A) occipital lobe 
B) frontal lobe 
C) temporal lobe 
D) insula 
E) parietal lobe 
A) occipital lobe 
B) frontal lobe 
C) temporal lobe 
D) insula 
E) parietal lobe

Question 7

Somatotopy refers to the

Accepted Answer

A) ability of the brain to identify the part of the body being innervated. 
B) precise correspondence between receptors and specific functional areas in the CNS. 
C) relationship between the spinal cord and associated areas in the brain. 
D) relationship between the spinal nerves and the cranial nerves. 
E) relationship between specific muscles and the nerves that innervate them. 
A) ability of the brain to identify the part of the body being innervated. 
B) precise correspondence between receptors and specific functional areas in the CNS. 
C) relationship between the spinal cord and associated areas in the brain. 
D) relationship between the spinal nerves and the cranial nerves. 
E) relationship between specific muscles and the nerves that innervate them.

Question 8

Motor pathways are formed from a series of connections.Which is not part of the series?

Accepted Answer

A) Cerebellum 
B) Cerebral nuclei 
C) Hypothalamus 
D) Descending projection tracts 
E) Motor neurons 
A) Cerebellum 
B) Cerebral nuclei 
C) Hypothalamus 
D) Descending projection tracts 
E) Motor neurons

Question 9

In most people,the Wernicke area is located in the

Accepted Answer

A) categorical hemisphere. 
B) representational hemisphere. 
C) visual cortex. 
D) frontal lobe. 
E) medulla oblongata. 
A) categorical hemisphere. 
B) representational hemisphere. 
C) visual cortex. 
D) frontal lobe. 
E) medulla oblongata.

Question 10

Where does the cell body of the primary neuron in a sensory pathway reside?

Accepted Answer

A) Posterior root ganglion of a spinal nerve 
B) Posterior horn of the spinal cord 
C) Receptor that responds to a stimulus 
D) Corresponding somatic area of the brain 
E) Effector that will respond to the stimulus 
A) Posterior root ganglion of a spinal nerve 
B) Posterior horn of the spinal cord 
C) Receptor that responds to a stimulus 
D) Corresponding somatic area of the brain 
E) Effector that will respond to the stimulus

Question 11

Imagine that you have just moved into a new home.Your address includes a new zip code that you try to memorize,but you have trouble recalling the code the next morning and have to look it up.After a month of use,however,you can recall your zip code easily.Which statement best describes what happened with regard to your new zip code?

Accepted Answer

A) You first stored the zip code in short-term memory and had to keep storing it there until it was eventually easily recalled. 
B) You had to rely on sensory memory to finally recall the zip code. 
C) It takes time for the brain to rewire itself so that the zip code can be appropriately stored. 
D) The zip code was placed into short-term memory and then through repeated recall,it reached long-term memory storage. 
E) You eventually relied on working memory to recall the zip code. 
A) You first stored the zip code in short-term memory and had to keep storing it there until it was eventually easily recalled. 
B) You had to rely on sensory memory to finally recall the zip code. 
C) It takes time for the brain to rewire itself so that the zip code can be appropriately stored. 
D) The zip code was placed into short-term memory and then through repeated recall,it reached long-term memory storage. 
E) You eventually relied on working memory to recall the zip code.

Question 12

Where does the axon of a primary neuron project?

Accepted Answer

A) Directly to the appropriate region of the brain 
B) To the axon of a tertiary neuron 
C) To another primary neuron 
D) To a secondary neuron 
E) To a muscle or a gland for appropriate action 
A) Directly to the appropriate region of the brain 
B) To the axon of a tertiary neuron 
C) To another primary neuron 
D) To a secondary neuron 
E) To a muscle or a gland for appropriate action

Question 13

The different tracts within indirect motor pathways are grouped according to their primary functions.The medial pathway regulates

Accepted Answer

A) muscle tone and gross movements of the muscles of the head,neck,proximal limb,and trunk. 
B) and controls precise,discrete movements and tone in flexor muscles of the limbs. 
C) heartbeat and controls blood pressure. 
D) respiratory rhythm and CO2 levels. 
E) smooth muscle contraction in the viscera. 
A) muscle tone and gross movements of the muscles of the head,neck,proximal limb,and trunk. 
B) and controls precise,discrete movements and tone in flexor muscles of the limbs. 
C) heartbeat and controls blood pressure. 
D) respiratory rhythm and CO2 levels. 
E) smooth muscle contraction in the viscera.

Question 14

-This figure shows the anterolateral pathway.What structure does number 1 indicate?

Accepted Answer

A) Substantia nigra 
B) Lateral ventricle 
C) Medial lemniscus 
D) Primary somatosensory cortex 
E) Thalamus 
A) Substantia nigra 
B) Lateral ventricle 
C) Medial lemniscus 
D) Primary somatosensory cortex 
E) Thalamus

Question 15

This pathway is composed of the anterior spinothalamic tract and the lateral spinothalamic tract.Axons entering this pathway conduct stimuli related to crude touch and pressure as well as pain and temperature.

Accepted Answer

A) The posterior funiculus-medial lemniscal pathway 
B) The anterolateral pathway 
C) The musculomedial pathway 
D) The spinocerebellar pathway 
E) The posterolateral pathway 
A) The posterior funiculus-medial lemniscal pathway 
B) The anterolateral pathway 
C) The musculomedial pathway 
D) The spinocerebellar pathway 
E) The posterolateral pathway

Question 16

In motor pathways,axons of lower motor neurons exit the _________ and project to the __________ to be innervated.

Accepted Answer

A) CNS;skeletal muscle 
B) PNS;skeletal muscle 
C) CNS;sensory receptor 
D) PNS;sensory receptor 
E) CNS;PNS 
A) CNS;skeletal muscle 
B) PNS;skeletal muscle 
C) CNS;sensory receptor 
D) PNS;sensory receptor 
E) CNS;PNS

Question 17

The term cerebral lateralization refers to the fact that

Accepted Answer

A) the two hemispheres are identical anatomically. 
B) the right hemisphere controls only the right side of the body. 
C) the two hemispheres control only the opposite side of the body. 
D) each hemisphere is specialized for certain tasks. 
E) the two hemispheres mature at the same time. 
A) the two hemispheres are identical anatomically. 
B) the right hemisphere controls only the right side of the body. 
C) the two hemispheres control only the opposite side of the body. 
D) each hemisphere is specialized for certain tasks. 
E) the two hemispheres mature at the same time.

Question 18

-In this partially cut-away brain diagram,what collective feature does number 1 indicate?

Accepted Answer

A) Primary motor cortex 
B) Thalamus 
C) Cerebral nuclei 
D) Reticular formation 
E) Cerebellar nuclei 
A) Primary motor cortex 
B) Thalamus 
C) Cerebral nuclei 
D) Reticular formation 
E) Cerebellar nuclei

Question 19

-This figure shows motor pathways.What tract does number 2 indicate?

Accepted Answer

A) Lateral corticospinal tract 
B) Rubrospinal tract 
C) Anterior corticospinal tract 
D) Vestibulospinal tract 
E) Tectospinal tract 
A) Lateral corticospinal tract 
B) Rubrospinal tract 
C) Anterior corticospinal tract 
D) Vestibulospinal tract 
E) Tectospinal tract

Question 20

Axons of the lower motor neurons of the lateral corticospinal tracts innervate

Accepted Answer

A) skeletal muscles that control skilled movements in the limbs. 
B) muscles of the lower digestive tract. 
C) muscles of the respiratory system. 
D) skeletal muscles of the upper back and neck. 
E) axial skeletal muscle. 
A) skeletal muscles that control skilled movements in the limbs. 
B) muscles of the lower digestive tract. 
C) muscles of the respiratory system. 
D) skeletal muscles of the upper back and neck. 
E) axial skeletal muscle.

Exam 17: Pathways and Integrative Functions

A nervous system pathway consists of two components.What are they?

This part of the brain is responsible for autonomic motor functions such as respiration,blood pressure,and heart rate,as well as for regulating muscle tone.

A nucleus is a

By the time a person reaches puberty,axon myelination throughout both the CNS and PNS is complete.

Adult males exhibit less lateralization than females and suffer less functional loss when one hemisphere is damaged.

A brain lesion in the __________ may cause personality abnormalities.

Somatotopy refers to the

Motor pathways are formed from a series of connections.Which is not part of the series?

In most people,the Wernicke area is located in the

Where does the cell body of the primary neuron in a sensory pathway reside?

Where does the axon of a primary neuron project?

The different tracts within indirect motor pathways are grouped according to their primary functions.The medial pathway regulates

-This figure shows the anterolateral pathway.What structure does number 1 indicate?

This pathway is composed of the anterior spinothalamic tract and the lateral spinothalamic tract.Axons entering this pathway conduct stimuli related to crude touch and pressure as well as pain and temperature.

In motor pathways,axons of lower motor neurons exit the _________ and project to the __________ to be innervated.

The term cerebral lateralization refers to the fact that

-In this partially cut-away brain diagram,what collective feature does number 1 indicate?

-This figure shows motor pathways.What tract does number 2 indicate?

Axons of the lower motor neurons of the lateral corticospinal tracts innervate

A First Look at Anatomy

The Cell: Basic Unit of Structure and Function

Embryology

Tissue Level of Organization

Integumentary System

Cartilage and Bone

Axial Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton

Articulations

Muscle Tissue and Organization

Axial Muscles

Appendicular Muscles

Surface Anatomy

Nervous Tissue

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Autonomic Nervous System

Senses: General and Special

Endocrine System

Blood

Heart

Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Urinary System

Reproductive System

Filters

In motor pathways,axons of lower motor neurons exit the _ and project to the __ to be innervated.