Question 1

The genome sequences of different individuals are

Accepted Answer

A) always identical. 
B) always different. 
C) about 90% alike. 
D) about 99.9% alike. 
A) always identical. 
B) always different. 
C) about 90% alike. 
D) about 99.9% alike. D

Question 2

Energy is defined as

Accepted Answer

A) something important for chemical reactions. 
B) the ability to do work. 
C) the heat given off from chemical reactions. 
D) the heat required to start a reaction. 
A) something important for chemical reactions. 
B) the ability to do work. 
C) the heat given off from chemical reactions. 
D) the heat required to start a reaction. B

Question 3

In DNA replication,the two halves of the double helix separate and enzymes place A,C,G,and U nucleotides opposite their complements,forming two double helices from one.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

The name of an enzyme ends in

Accepted Answer

A) -ese. 
B) -ose. 
C) -gen. 
D) -ase. 
A) -ese. 
B) -ose. 
C) -gen. 
D) -ase.

Question 5

One reason that protein synthesis is important is that

Accepted Answer

A) enzymes are proteins and enzymes are essential to metabolism. 
B) proteins release energy for metabolic reactions. 
C) proteins encode DNA sequences. 
D) the diet does not provide the building blocks of protein. 
A) enzymes are proteins and enzymes are essential to metabolism. 
B) proteins release energy for metabolic reactions. 
C) proteins encode DNA sequences. 
D) the diet does not provide the building blocks of protein.

Question 6

For each acetyl CoA molecule that enters the citric acid cycle,2 ATPs,16 H atoms,and 4 CO2 molecules are produced.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

"Metabolism" refers to

Accepted Answer

A) the reactions in the body that synthesize proteins and nucleic acids. 
B) the reactions in the body that break down proteins and nucleic acids. 
C) all of the chemical reactions in a cell. 
D) the breakdown of glucose molecules to release energy. 
A) the reactions in the body that synthesize proteins and nucleic acids. 
B) the reactions in the body that break down proteins and nucleic acids. 
C) all of the chemical reactions in a cell. 
D) the breakdown of glucose molecules to release energy.

Question 8

A cofactor is ______ and examples are _____.

Accepted Answer

A) an inorganic molecule that all enzymes require;cholesterol and calcium 
B) an inorganic molecule that some enzymes require;vitamin B12 and B6 
C) a necessary part of some enzymes;copper,iron,and zinc 
D) a molecule that destabilizes substrates;carbonic acid 
A) an inorganic molecule that all enzymes require;cholesterol and calcium 
B) an inorganic molecule that some enzymes require;vitamin B12 and B6 
C) a necessary part of some enzymes;copper,iron,and zinc 
D) a molecule that destabilizes substrates;carbonic acid

Question 9

An ATP molecule consists of an adenine,a ribose,and three phosphates.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Oxidation during cellular respiration differs from burning in that respiration

Accepted Answer

A) doesn't use enzymes to lower the activation energy. 
B) requires a relatively large amount of energy to start the process. 
C) uses enzymes to lower the activation energy. 
D) releases more energy as heat and light. 
A) doesn't use enzymes to lower the activation energy. 
B) requires a relatively large amount of energy to start the process. 
C) uses enzymes to lower the activation energy. 
D) releases more energy as heat and light.

Question 11

Which of the following is not a characteristic of enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A) They speed up the rate of chemical reactions but are not used up in the process. 
B) Most are proteins. 
C) They are most active at temperatures above 53 degrees C 
D) They have active sites and interact with specific substrates. 
A) They speed up the rate of chemical reactions but are not used up in the process. 
B) Most are proteins. 
C) They are most active at temperatures above 53 degrees C 
D) They have active sites and interact with specific substrates.

Question 12

During DNA replication,

Accepted Answer

A) tRNAs bring specific amino acids to an mRNA molecule. 
B) two single strands of DNA come together,restoring complementary base pairing. 
C) amino acids are joined. 
D) the DNA double helix comes apart where hydrogen bonds join base pairs,and new nucleotides are brought in,forming two double helices. 
A) tRNAs bring specific amino acids to an mRNA molecule. 
B) two single strands of DNA come together,restoring complementary base pairing. 
C) amino acids are joined. 
D) the DNA double helix comes apart where hydrogen bonds join base pairs,and new nucleotides are brought in,forming two double helices.

Question 13

An important mechanism that controls metabolic pathways under physiological conditions is

Accepted Answer

A) positive feedback. 
B) signal transduction. 
C) negative feedback. 
D) genetic control. 
A) positive feedback. 
B) signal transduction. 
C) negative feedback. 
D) genetic control.

Question 14

Arsenic poisoning harms the body by

Accepted Answer

A) unraveling the DNA double helix. 
B) interfering with cellular extraction of energy from glucose. 
C) forming more sulfur bonds in proteins. 
D) rotting the teeth. 
A) unraveling the DNA double helix. 
B) interfering with cellular extraction of energy from glucose. 
C) forming more sulfur bonds in proteins. 
D) rotting the teeth.

Question 15

A single nucleotide polymorphism is a very rare genetic variant that affects health.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The genome consists of entirely protein-encoding genes. 
B) An amino acid encodes a gene. 
C) DNA has five types of nucleotide bases. 
D) Much of the genome does not encode proteins. 
A) The genome consists of entirely protein-encoding genes. 
B) An amino acid encodes a gene. 
C) DNA has five types of nucleotide bases. 
D) Much of the genome does not encode proteins.

Question 17

A different enzyme may catalyze the formation and the breakdown of the same molecule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Codons are part of

Accepted Answer

A) mRNA. 
B) tRNA. 
C) rRNA. 
D) proteins. 
A) mRNA. 
B) tRNA. 
C) rRNA. 
D) proteins.

Question 19

A rate-limiting enzyme usually acts at the end of a metabolic pathway.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Three types of genetic changes are

Accepted Answer

A) replication,transcription,and translation. 
B) A to C,G to C,and U to A 
C) mutations,SNPs,and changes in copy number. 
D) adenine,guanine,and cytosine. 
A) replication,transcription,and translation. 
B) A to C,G to C,and U to A 
C) mutations,SNPs,and changes in copy number. 
D) adenine,guanine,and cytosine.

Exam 4: Cellular Metabolism

The genome sequences of different individuals are

Energy is defined as

In DNA replication,the two halves of the double helix separate and enzymes place A,C,G,and U nucleotides opposite their complements,forming two double helices from one.

The name of an enzyme ends in

One reason that protein synthesis is important is that

For each acetyl CoA molecule that enters the citric acid cycle,2 ATPs,16 H atoms,and 4 CO2 molecules are produced.

"Metabolism" refers to

A cofactor is ______ and examples are _____.

An ATP molecule consists of an adenine,a ribose,and three phosphates.

Oxidation during cellular respiration differs from burning in that respiration

Which of the following is not a characteristic of enzymes?

During DNA replication,

An important mechanism that controls metabolic pathways under physiological conditions is

Arsenic poisoning harms the body by

A single nucleotide polymorphism is a very rare genetic variant that affects health.

Which of the following is true?

A different enzyme may catalyze the formation and the breakdown of the same molecule.

Codons are part of

A rate-limiting enzyme usually acts at the end of a metabolic pathway.

Three types of genetic changes are

Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology

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For each acetyl CoA molecule that enters the citric acid cycle,2 ATPs,16 H atoms,and 4 CO₂ molecules are produced.

A cofactor is __ and examples are _.