Question 1

All of the following are true of members of the Pterobranchia except one.

Accepted Answer

A) They live in secreted tubes. 
B) They live mostly deep water in Southern Hemisphere oceans. 
C) Their bodies are divided into three regions: proboscis, collar, and trunk. 
D) Their excretory products are eliminated via blood sinuses called a glomerulus. 
A) They live in secreted tubes. 
B) They live mostly deep water in Southern Hemisphere oceans. 
C) Their bodies are divided into three regions: proboscis, collar, and trunk. 
D) Their excretory products are eliminated via blood sinuses called a glomerulus.

Question 2

The common name acorn worm is derived from the appearance of the __________ of these worms.

Accepted Answer

A) collar 
B) proboscis 
C) hepatic cecum 
D) trunk 
E) tunic 
A) collar 
B) proboscis 
C) hepatic cecum 
D) trunk 
E) tunic

Question 3

Sea daisies have a thin membrane,the __________,that digests and absorbs nutrients.

Accepted Answer

A) tongue 
B) pyloric cecum 
C) Aristotle's lantern 
D) cardiac stomach 
E) velum 
A) tongue 
B) pyloric cecum 
C) Aristotle's lantern 
D) cardiac stomach 
E) velum

Question 4

Sea cucumbers respire using

Accepted Answer

A) large feathery oral tentacles. 
B) oral gills. 
C) the respiratory tree. 
D) the body wall. 
E) Cuverian tubules. 
A) large feathery oral tentacles. 
B) oral gills. 
C) the respiratory tree. 
D) the body wall. 
E) Cuverian tubules.

Question 5

The name Echinodermata translates as

Accepted Answer

A) spiny skin. 
B) spiny skeleton. 
C) spiny gut. 
D) smooth skin. 
E) smooth skeleton. 
A) spiny skin. 
B) spiny skeleton. 
C) spiny gut. 
D) smooth skin. 
E) smooth skeleton.

Question 6

Most modern echinoderms assume a mouth-down feeding and locomotion posture.Members of the class Crinoidea are an exception.They are attached,mouth-up,and feed using tube feet to trap food from the water column.Recent molecular analyses show the Crinoidea to be basal to other extant classes.Which of the following help to explain these observations?

Accepted Answer

A) Feeding and locomotion posture is not a phylogenetically significant character as all fossil echinoderms assumed a mouth-down posture. 
B) The mouth-up posture must be an ancestral character.The mouth-down posture evolved secondarily. 
C) The molecular analyses must be in error.The mouth-up posture is phylogenetically significant and must have been derived secondarily. 
D) There is no reasonable explanation for these observations at this time. 
A) Feeding and locomotion posture is not a phylogenetically significant character as all fossil echinoderms assumed a mouth-down posture. 
B) The mouth-up posture must be an ancestral character.The mouth-down posture evolved secondarily. 
C) The molecular analyses must be in error.The mouth-up posture is phylogenetically significant and must have been derived secondarily. 
D) There is no reasonable explanation for these observations at this time.

Question 7

Attached crinoids are called

Accepted Answer

A) sea daisies. 
B) sea lilies. 
C) sea urchins. 
D) basket stars. 
E) feather stars. 
A) sea daisies. 
B) sea lilies. 
C) sea urchins. 
D) basket stars. 
E) feather stars.

Question 8

The __________ are found on the oral surface of the arms of the sea star and house the tube feet.

Accepted Answer

A) pedicellariae 
B) ambulacral grooves 
C) Polian vesicles 
D) lateral canals 
E) Tiedemann's bodies 
A) pedicellariae 
B) ambulacral grooves 
C) Polian vesicles 
D) lateral canals 
E) Tiedemann's bodies

Question 9

The madreporite in sea cucumbers is

Accepted Answer

A) absent. 
B) internal. 
C) external. 
D) on the Polian vesicles. 
E) near the anus. 
A) absent. 
B) internal. 
C) external. 
D) on the Polian vesicles. 
E) near the anus.

Question 10

Members of the phylum __________ include acorn worms and pterobranchs.

Accepted Answer

A) Hemichordata 
B) Echinodermata 
C) Echiura 
D) Chordata 
E) Pogonophora 
A) Hemichordata 
B) Echinodermata 
C) Echiura 
D) Chordata 
E) Pogonophora

Question 11

Unlike sea stars,in ophiuroids,the tube feet are extended by

Accepted Answer

A) contraction of muscles at their bases. 
B) ampullae forcing water into the feet. 
C) hydrostatic pressure. 
D) contraction of their suction disks. 
E) contraction of lateral canals. 
A) contraction of muscles at their bases. 
B) ampullae forcing water into the feet. 
C) hydrostatic pressure. 
D) contraction of their suction disks. 
E) contraction of lateral canals.

Question 12

Basket stars and brittle stars belong to the echinoderm class

Accepted Answer

A) Asteroidea. 
B) Echinoidea. 
C) Crinoidea. 
D) Holothuroidea. 
E) Ophiuroidea. 
A) Asteroidea. 
B) Echinoidea. 
C) Crinoidea. 
D) Holothuroidea. 
E) Ophiuroidea.

Question 13

Many echinoderms from this class produce toxins in their body walls that discourage predators.

Accepted Answer

A) Holothuroidea 
B) Asteroidea 
C) Ophiuroidea 
D) Echinoidea 
E) Crinoidea 
A) Holothuroidea 
B) Asteroidea 
C) Ophiuroidea 
D) Echinoidea 
E) Crinoidea

Question 14

The ciliated larva of an acorn worm is called the

Accepted Answer

A) brachiolaria. 
B) bipinnaria. 
C) tornaria. 
D) trochophore. 
E) pluteus. 
A) brachiolaria. 
B) bipinnaria. 
C) tornaria. 
D) trochophore. 
E) pluteus.

Question 15

The characteristic larva of the echinoids is the

Accepted Answer

A) dipleura. 
B) brachiolaria. 
C) auricularia. 
D) bipinnaria. 
E) pluteus 
A) dipleura. 
B) brachiolaria. 
C) auricularia. 
D) bipinnaria. 
E) pluteus

Question 16

Members of the echinoderm class __________ are called sea stars.

Accepted Answer

A) Crinoidea 
B) Echinoidea 
C) Asteroidea 
D) Holothuroidea 
E) Ophiuroidea 
A) Crinoidea 
B) Echinoidea 
C) Asteroidea 
D) Holothuroidea 
E) Ophiuroidea

Question 17

Modern adult echinoderms have a form of symmetry known as

Accepted Answer

A) asymmetry. 
B) pentaradial. 
C) triradial. 
D) bilateral. 
E) trilateral. 
A) asymmetry. 
B) pentaradial. 
C) triradial. 
D) bilateral. 
E) trilateral.

Question 18

The __________ serves as an inlet into the water vascular system.

Accepted Answer

A) Tiedemann's body 
B) Polian vesicle 
C) radial canal 
D) madreporite 
E) ring canal 
A) Tiedemann's body 
B) Polian vesicle 
C) radial canal 
D) madreporite 
E) ring canal

Question 19

Ambulacrarians and chordates are united into the clade Deuterostomia.In addition to sharing deuterostome characters like radial cleavage and an anus that forms in the region of the embryonic blastopore,the validity of the clade is supported by a wealth of molecular evidence.Another synapomorphy was once considered to be uniquely chordate,but now it is thought to have evolved very early in the deuterostome lineage and then lost in the echinoderm branch.This character is

Accepted Answer

A) a dorsal tubular nervous system. 
B) larvae with ciliary bands. 
C) a buccal diverticulum. 
D) pharyngeal slits. 
A) a dorsal tubular nervous system. 
B) larvae with ciliary bands. 
C) a buccal diverticulum. 
D) pharyngeal slits.

Question 20

Of the following structures found in sea stars,which one is also present in brittle stars?

Accepted Answer

A) pedicellariae 
B) tube feet 
C) dermal branchiae 
D) aboral madreporite 
E) ampullae 
A) pedicellariae 
B) tube feet 
C) dermal branchiae 
D) aboral madreporite 
E) ampullae

Exam 16: Ambulacraria: Echinoderms and Hemichordates

All of the following are true of members of the Pterobranchia except one.

The common name acorn worm is derived from the appearance of the __________ of these worms.

Sea daisies have a thin membrane,the __________,that digests and absorbs nutrients.

Sea cucumbers respire using

The name Echinodermata translates as

Attached crinoids are called

The __________ are found on the oral surface of the arms of the sea star and house the tube feet.

The madreporite in sea cucumbers is

Members of the phylum __________ include acorn worms and pterobranchs.

Unlike sea stars,in ophiuroids,the tube feet are extended by

Basket stars and brittle stars belong to the echinoderm class

Many echinoderms from this class produce toxins in their body walls that discourage predators.

The ciliated larva of an acorn worm is called the

The characteristic larva of the echinoids is the

Members of the echinoderm class __________ are called sea stars.

Modern adult echinoderms have a form of symmetry known as

The __________ serves as an inlet into the water vascular system.

Of the following structures found in sea stars,which one is also present in brittle stars?

Zoology: an Evolutionary and Ecological Perspective

Cells, tissues, organs, and Organ Systems of Animals

Cell Division and Inheritance

Evolution: History and Evidence

Evolution and Gene Frequencies

Ecology: Preserving the Animal Kingdom

Animal Taxonomy, phylogeny, and Organization

Animal-Like Protists: the Protozoa

Multicellular and Tissue Levels of Organization

The Smaller Lophotrochozoan Phyla

Molluscan Success

Annelida: the Metameric Body Form

The Smaller Ecdysozoan Phyla

The Arthropods: Blueprint for Success

The Pancrustacea: Crustacea and Hexapoda

Chordata: Urochordata and Cephalochordata

The Fishes: Vertebrate Success in Water

Amphibians: the First Terrestrial Vertebrates

Reptiles: Diapsid Amniotes

Birds: Reptiles by Another Name

Mammals: Synapsid Amniotes

Protection, support, and Movement

Communication I: Nervous and Sensory Systems

Communication II: the Endocrine System and Chemical Messengers

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Nutrition and Digestion

Temperature and Body Fluid Regulation

Reproduction and Development

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