Exam 7: Sociological Theories: Emphasis on Social Structure

Cloward and Ohlin argue that there is differential access to legitimate means.

Shaw and McKay studied delinquency rates in the city of _____.

Some people,called the _____,live in a continuing cycle of concentrated disadvantage characterized by extreme poverty,housing segregation.

Anomie and low social integration help to lower suicide rates.

The adaptation _____ occurs when people reject the goal of economic success,but continue to accept the means of working.

What do we call people who live in a continuing cycle of concentrated disadvantage characterized by extreme poverty,housing segregation,and racial and ethnic discrimination?

Structural theories help explain why some women are more likely than other women to _____.However,they do not help explain why female crime rates are lower than male crime rates.

Wilson and Kelling argued that signs of disorder-such as a _____ window-send a signal to potential criminals that neighborhood residents do not care.

Does your hometown or a nearby city have a "concentric zone"? What are some of the physical characteristics of that area? What can you find about crime rate,population,preventative measures?

Matching: Match the term or concept with the correct description.

Anderson documented a code of the _____ among young urban African-Americans that arises from despair and alienation and that helps explain their interpersonal violence.

The center of Chicago's "concentric zones" had a higher crime rate than the outer rings.

The adaptation of innovation occurs when individuals accept the goal of economy but reject the means of working and undertakes new means to achieve success.

How do structural theories help explain why some women are more likely than other women to commit crime?

In the 1930s,a new approach emerged that emphasized structural causes of urban crime (e.g.,the breakdown of communities)over moral failings.It is known as _____.

The subculture of violence approves of youth participating in boxing gyms as a means of preventing delinquency.

Having not been raised with middle-class values,lower-class boys do poorly in school and experience status _____,or strain.

Durkheim felt that human nature is basically selfish,with individuals having unlimited _____ that,if left unchecked by a strong society,would result in chaos.

Durkheim emphasized two related mechanisms,_____,by which society was able to hold individual impulses in check.

Some scholars say that a _____ of violence,involving a physical response to insults and other interpersonal problems,characterizes urban neighborhoods.