Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the ethical principles set forth by the American Psychological Association?

Accepted Answer

A)  informed consent 
B)  limited deception 
C)  confidentiality 
D)  adequate reimbursement 
A)  informed consent 
B)  limited deception 
C)  confidentiality 
D)  adequate reimbursement

Question 2

Correlational study is to formal experiment as:

Accepted Answer

A)  causation is to relationship. 
B)  relationship is to causation. 
C)  speculation is to scientific method. 
D)  cause and effect is to association. 
A)  causation is to relationship. 
B)  relationship is to causation. 
C)  speculation is to scientific method. 
D)  cause and effect is to association.

Question 3

In psychological research using animals,an animal's death is considered unethical and thus unallowable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

It has been reported that more intelligent people are generally more attractive than less intelligent people.This conclusion is probably based on the results of:

Accepted Answer

A)  a simple experiment. 
B)  naturalistic observation. 
C)  a correlational study. 
D)  clinical observation. 
A)  a simple experiment. 
B)  naturalistic observation. 
C)  a correlational study. 
D)  clinical observation.

Question 5

Skinner discovered that a pigeon will peck at a button more often if the pecking is rewarded with a food pellet than if it is not rewarded at all.In Skinner's study,the food pellet is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent variable. 
B)  experimental variable. 
C)  the independent variable. 
D)  correlation. 
A)  dependent variable. 
B)  experimental variable. 
C)  the independent variable. 
D)  correlation.

Question 6

Formal experiments by Jean-Pierre Leyens and Wendy Josephson on the effects of watching media violence on aggressive behavior in boys

Accepted Answer

A)  had problems with placebo effects. 
B)  suggested that watching violence causes real-life violence. 
C)  proved that the two variables are not correlated. 
D)  are now believed to be uninterpretable because of experimenter bias. 
A)  had problems with placebo effects. 
B)  suggested that watching violence causes real-life violence. 
C)  proved that the two variables are not correlated. 
D)  are now believed to be uninterpretable because of experimenter bias.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of clinical research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Asking all general psychology students to complete a mood survey for extra credit. 
B)  Conducting a series of interviews over a year with an anxiety-disordered student. 
C)  Observing the study habits of students in the library versus those of students in the cafeteria. 
D)  Assigning half the psychology students to computerized instruction and half to the traditional classroom. 
A)  Asking all general psychology students to complete a mood survey for extra credit. 
B)  Conducting a series of interviews over a year with an anxiety-disordered student. 
C)  Observing the study habits of students in the library versus those of students in the cafeteria. 
D)  Assigning half the psychology students to computerized instruction and half to the traditional classroom.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Once a hypothesis is confirmed,it becomes a theory. 
B)  Theories are scientific facts and cannot be modified. 
C)  In psychology,theories are considered definitive explanations of fact;therefore,a theory does not need to undergo testing. 
D)  Confirming a hypothesis based on a theory does not mean that the theory is true. 
A)  Once a hypothesis is confirmed,it becomes a theory. 
B)  Theories are scientific facts and cannot be modified. 
C)  In psychology,theories are considered definitive explanations of fact;therefore,a theory does not need to undergo testing. 
D)  Confirming a hypothesis based on a theory does not mean that the theory is true.

Question 9

Define the terms "theory" and "hypothesis," and explain how theories and hypotheses are related to each other.

Accepted Answer

Theories are tentative explanations of f

Question 10

Dr.Troy has collected and examined the data from her research.She now has a set of general principles that she believes accounts for a connection between early childhood sexual abuse and early teenage chemical dependency.Dr.Troy has formed a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  theory. 
B)  law. 
C)  hypothesis. 
D)  experimental design. 
A)  theory. 
B)  law. 
C)  hypothesis. 
D)  experimental design.

Question 11

Of the following,which is clearly a violation of the ethical principles for conducting research with humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  deceiving a participant about the actual hypothesis until the study has been completed 
B)  deceiving a participant about an aspect of the study that may have influenced his/her decision not to participate. 
C)  asking participants to sign their full names to a consent form 
D)  deceiving participants initially,but fully disclosing the nature of the deception immediately upon completion of the experiment 
A)  deceiving a participant about the actual hypothesis until the study has been completed 
B)  deceiving a participant about an aspect of the study that may have influenced his/her decision not to participate. 
C)  asking participants to sign their full names to a consent form 
D)  deceiving participants initially,but fully disclosing the nature of the deception immediately upon completion of the experiment

Question 12

A researcher conducted an experiment to test a new cognitive therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder.After 6 months of administering the therapy with his clients,the researcher found that 75 percent of his clients got better.He proclaimed the new therapy successful.What was wrong with this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  There was no dependent variable. 
B)  There was no placebo group. 
C)  He did not use a representative sample. 
D)  Six months is too short a time to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy. 
A)  There was no dependent variable. 
B)  There was no placebo group. 
C)  He did not use a representative sample. 
D)  Six months is too short a time to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy.

Question 13

A researcher who uses adolescents in a chemical dependency program to study general patterns of adolescent drug use has chosen an appropriate sample.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

In a double-blind experiment,neither the researcher(s)nor the participants know who is in the experimental group and who is in the control group.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

In a formal experiment,the researcher manipulates one variable to see how it affects another variable.The variable that is manipulated is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  control variable. 
B)  experimental variable. 
C)  dependent variable. 
D)  independent variable. 
A)  control variable. 
B)  experimental variable. 
C)  dependent variable. 
D)  independent variable.

Question 16

Mean,median,and standard deviation are examples of ____________ statistics.

Accepted Answer

A)  descriptive 
B)  correlational 
C)  experimental 
D)  interpretative 
A)  descriptive 
B)  correlational 
C)  experimental 
D)  interpretative

Question 17

Empirical evidence refers to evidence derived from:

Accepted Answer

A)  hypotheses. 
B)  estimates. 
C)  observations of publicly observable behavior. 
D)  private mental processes. 
A)  hypotheses. 
B)  estimates. 
C)  observations of publicly observable behavior. 
D)  private mental processes.

Question 18

A correlation is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a careful investigation of a single individual over time. 
B)  a measure of behavioral change following a clinical treatment. 
C)  the degree of difference between experimental and control-group outcomes. 
D)  a measure of the relationship between two variables. 
A)  a careful investigation of a single individual over time. 
B)  a measure of behavioral change following a clinical treatment. 
C)  the degree of difference between experimental and control-group outcomes. 
D)  a measure of the relationship between two variables.

Question 19

All of the following are included within the APA's principles for the ethical treatment of animals in research,EXCEPT which statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  The animal must be kept as comfortable as possible throughout the study. 
B)  The animal must not die as a result of the procedures. 
C)  There must be no alternative means of investigating the question at issue. 
D)  The animals must be kept in sanitary conditions. 
A)  The animal must be kept as comfortable as possible throughout the study. 
B)  The animal must not die as a result of the procedures. 
C)  There must be no alternative means of investigating the question at issue. 
D)  The animals must be kept in sanitary conditions.

Question 20

Five students had the following scores on a psychological test: 10,10,15,20,and 40.The mode of these five scores is:

Accepted Answer

A)  10 
B)  15 
C)  20 
D)  25 
A)  10 
B)  15 
C)  20 
D)  25

Which of the following is NOT one of the ethical principles set forth by the American Psychological Association?

Correlational study is to formal experiment as:

In psychological research using animals,an animal's death is considered unethical and thus unallowable.

It has been reported that more intelligent people are generally more attractive than less intelligent people.This conclusion is probably based on the results of:

Skinner discovered that a pigeon will peck at a button more often if the pecking is rewarded with a food pellet than if it is not rewarded at all.In Skinner's study,the food pellet is the:

Formal experiments by Jean-Pierre Leyens and Wendy Josephson on the effects of watching media violence on aggressive behavior in boys

Which of the following is an example of clinical research?

Which of the following statements is true?

Define the terms "theory" and "hypothesis," and explain how theories and hypotheses are related to each other.

Dr.Troy has collected and examined the data from her research.She now has a set of general principles that she believes accounts for a connection between early childhood sexual abuse and early teenage chemical dependency.Dr.Troy has formed a(n)

Of the following,which is clearly a violation of the ethical principles for conducting research with humans?

A researcher conducted an experiment to test a new cognitive therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder.After 6 months of administering the therapy with his clients,the researcher found that 75 percent of his clients got better.He proclaimed the new therapy successful.What was wrong with this study?

A researcher who uses adolescents in a chemical dependency program to study general patterns of adolescent drug use has chosen an appropriate sample.

In a double-blind experiment,neither the researcher(s)nor the participants know who is in the experimental group and who is in the control group.

In a formal experiment,the researcher manipulates one variable to see how it affects another variable.The variable that is manipulated is called the:

Mean,median,and standard deviation are examples of ____________ statistics.

Empirical evidence refers to evidence derived from:

A correlation is:

All of the following are included within the APA's principles for the ethical treatment of animals in research,EXCEPT which statement?

Five students had the following scores on a psychological test: 10,10,15,20,and 40.The mode of these five scores is:

Introduction to Psychology

Biological Foundations in Behavior

The Interplay of Nature and Nurture

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Basic Principles of Learning

Memory

Cognition, Language, and Intelligence

Developmental Psychology

Motivation and Emotion

Personality Theories and Assessment

Stress and Health

Abnormal Behavior

Therapies

Social Psychology

Psychology Applied to Business and Other Professions

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Exam 2: Research Methods in Psychology

Which of the following is NOT one of the ethical principles set forth by the American Psychological Association?

Correlational study is to formal experiment as:

In psychological research using animals,an animal's death is considered unethical and thus unallowable.

It has been reported that more intelligent people are generally more attractive than less intelligent people.This conclusion is probably based on the results of:

Skinner discovered that a pigeon will peck at a button more often if the pecking is rewarded with a food pellet than if it is not rewarded at all.In Skinner's study,the food pellet is the:

Formal experiments by Jean-Pierre Leyens and Wendy Josephson on the effects of watching media violence on aggressive behavior in boys

Which of the following is an example of clinical research?

Which of the following statements is true?

Define the terms "theory" and "hypothesis," and explain how theories and hypotheses are related to each other.

Dr.Troy has collected and examined the data from her research.She now has a set of general principles that she believes accounts for a connection between early childhood sexual abuse and early teenage chemical dependency.Dr.Troy has formed a(n)

Of the following,which is clearly a violation of the ethical principles for conducting research with humans?

A researcher who uses adolescents in a chemical dependency program to study general patterns of adolescent drug use has chosen an appropriate sample.

In a double-blind experiment,neither the researcher(s)nor the participants know who is in the experimental group and who is in the control group.

In a formal experiment,the researcher manipulates one variable to see how it affects another variable.The variable that is manipulated is called the:

Mean,median,and standard deviation are examples of ____________ statistics.

Empirical evidence refers to evidence derived from:

A correlation is:

All of the following are included within the APA's principles for the ethical treatment of animals in research,EXCEPT which statement?

Five students had the following scores on a psychological test: 10,10,15,20,and 40.The mode of these five scores is:

Introduction to Psychology

Biological Foundations in Behavior

The Interplay of Nature and Nurture

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Basic Principles of Learning

Memory

Cognition, Language, and Intelligence

Developmental Psychology

Motivation and Emotion

Personality Theories and Assessment

Stress and Health

Abnormal Behavior

Therapies

Social Psychology

Psychology Applied to Business and Other Professions

Filters