Question 1

Vygotsky felt that learning always took place _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  at school 
B)  through cognitive development 
C)  via social and cultural processes 
D)  in a bubble 
A)  at school 
B)  through cognitive development 
C)  via social and cultural processes 
D)  in a bubble C

Question 2

Your professor hands you a sealed bag of potato chips and asks you to open the bag and take out two scoops of chips.The scoops of chips are analogous to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a sample 
B)  a population 
C)  a hypothesis 
D)  a generalizable scoop 
A)  a sample 
B)  a population 
C)  a hypothesis 
D)  a generalizable scoop A

Question 3

When participants are allowed to state their responses following the questions,what type of format is being used?

Accepted Answer

A)  open-ended question format 
B)  closed-question format 
C)  stream of consciousness format 
D)  multiple choice format 
A)  open-ended question format 
B)  closed-question format 
C)  stream of consciousness format 
D)  multiple choice format A

Question 4

The main distinction of the information-processing approach compared to Piaget's cognitive constructivist theory is that information processing approach views cognitive change as _____,whereas Piaget viewed it as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  discontinuous; continuous 
B)  continuous; discontinuous 
C)  stage-like; discontinuous 
D)  continually changing; continuous 
A)  discontinuous; continuous 
B)  continuous; discontinuous 
C)  stage-like; discontinuous 
D)  continually changing; continuous

Question 5

Miller and colleagues (1995)showed the difference in mathematical performance in Chinese children and American children was likely due to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  how the children learned their early number systems 
B)  their I.Q. 
C)  their genetics 
D)  the praise Chinese children received from parents for doing well 
A)  how the children learned their early number systems 
B)  their I.Q. 
C)  their genetics 
D)  the praise Chinese children received from parents for doing well

Question 6

According to Freud,what is the most important stage in his theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  anal 
B)  phallic 
C)  latency 
D)  genital 
A)  anal 
B)  phallic 
C)  latency 
D)  genital

Question 7

Piaget is a cognitive constructivist theorist.Vygotsky is a _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  behaviorist 
B)  social constructivist 
C)  Freudian theorist 
D)  learning theorist 
A)  behaviorist 
B)  social constructivist 
C)  Freudian theorist 
D)  learning theorist

Question 8

Erikson's eighth and final stage of psychosocial development is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  trust vs. mistrust 
B)  generativity vs. stagnation 
C)  ego integrity vs. despair 
D)  industry vs. inferiority 
A)  trust vs. mistrust 
B)  generativity vs. stagnation 
C)  ego integrity vs. despair 
D)  industry vs. inferiority

Question 9

Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory focuses on ____ that shape human development in the social environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  biological factors 
B)  genetic inputs 
C)  instinctive drives 
D)  multiple influences 
A)  biological factors 
B)  genetic inputs 
C)  instinctive drives 
D)  multiple influences

Question 10

What is Bronfenbrenner's term for the societal institutions that have indirect but potentially important influences on development (e.g.,schools,religious institutions,media)?

Accepted Answer

A)  microsystem 
B)  mesosystem 
C)  exosystem 
D)  macrosystem 
A)  microsystem 
B)  mesosystem 
C)  exosystem 
D)  macrosystem

Question 11

The total fertility rate (TFR)is defined as the number of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  births per woman 
B)  conceptions per woman 
C)  women within child-bearing age 
D)  women on fertility drugs 
A)  births per woman 
B)  conceptions per woman 
C)  women within child-bearing age 
D)  women on fertility drugs

Question 12

When participants are provided with specific responses to choose from on a questionnaire,what type of format is being used?

Accepted Answer

A)  open-ended question format 
B)  closed-question format 
C)  stream of consciousness format 
D)  multiple choice format 
A)  open-ended question format 
B)  closed-question format 
C)  stream of consciousness format 
D)  multiple choice format

Question 13

The _____ theory emphasizes ecological and cultural aspects of the activities and settings of development.

Accepted Answer

A)  social-learning 
B)  environmental-cultural 
C)  ecocultural 
D)  cultural-constructivist 
A)  social-learning 
B)  environmental-cultural 
C)  ecocultural 
D)  cultural-constructivist

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding population changes by country?

Accepted Answer

A)  Japan is projected to drop in population due to a low fertility rate. 
B)  England is projected to grow in population due to a significant increase in total fertility rate (TFR). 
C)  Canada is projected to increase in population due to high rates of immigration. 
D)  The United States is projected to drop in population due to limits placed on immigration. 
A)  Japan is projected to drop in population due to a low fertility rate. 
B)  England is projected to grow in population due to a significant increase in total fertility rate (TFR). 
C)  Canada is projected to increase in population due to high rates of immigration. 
D)  The United States is projected to drop in population due to limits placed on immigration.

Question 15

What term is used in the text to refer to the most affluent countries in the world?

Accepted Answer

A)  affluent countries 
B)  developed countries 
C)  developing countries 
D)  population-rich countries 
A)  affluent countries 
B)  developed countries 
C)  developing countries 
D)  population-rich countries

Question 16

Who was Doddy and how did Darwin study him?

Accepted Answer

Doddy was Darwin's infant son,whom Darwi

Question 17

According to Erikson,what is the developmental challenge during infancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  trust vs. mistrust 
B)  autonomy vs. shame and doubt 
C)  initiative vs. guilt 
D)  industry vs. inferiority 
A)  trust vs. mistrust 
B)  autonomy vs. shame and doubt 
C)  initiative vs. guilt 
D)  industry vs. inferiority

Question 18

The scientific method involves five basic steps: ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  observe the environment; generate a theory of the phenomenon to be studied; generate possible hypotheses; systematically vary variables; and conduct an experiment 
B)  collect data to test a theory; manipulate variables within a laboratory setting; conduct a statistical analysis of the data; synthesize the results; and publish the findings 
C)  identify a question to be investigated; form a hypothesis; choose a research method and a research design; collect data to test the hypothesis; and draw conclusions that lead to new questions and hypotheses 
D)  generate a conclusion; isolate variables; determine how variables are related to the conclusion; conduct the research study; and published the findings 
A)  observe the environment; generate a theory of the phenomenon to be studied; generate possible hypotheses; systematically vary variables; and conduct an experiment 
B)  collect data to test a theory; manipulate variables within a laboratory setting; conduct a statistical analysis of the data; synthesize the results; and publish the findings 
C)  identify a question to be investigated; form a hypothesis; choose a research method and a research design; collect data to test the hypothesis; and draw conclusions that lead to new questions and hypotheses 
D)  generate a conclusion; isolate variables; determine how variables are related to the conclusion; conduct the research study; and published the findings

Question 19

In an experiment,what group receives the treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental group 
B)  comparison group 
C)  cohort group 
D)  control group 
A)  experimental group 
B)  comparison group 
C)  cohort group 
D)  control group

Question 20

Observational methods have an advantage over questionnaires and interviews in that they involve _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the reporting of behavior by a close relative of the participant 
B)  actual behavior rather than self reports of behavior 
C)  the self-reporting of behavior 
D)  less-involved data analysis 
A)  the reporting of behavior by a close relative of the participant 
B)  actual behavior rather than self reports of behavior 
C)  the self-reporting of behavior 
D)  less-involved data analysis

Vygotsky felt that learning always took place _____.

Your professor hands you a sealed bag of potato chips and asks you to open the bag and take out two scoops of chips.The scoops of chips are analogous to _____.

When participants are allowed to state their responses following the questions,what type of format is being used?

The main distinction of the information-processing approach compared to Piaget's cognitive constructivist theory is that information processing approach views cognitive change as _,whereas Piaget viewed it as _.

Miller and colleagues (1995)showed the difference in mathematical performance in Chinese children and American children was likely due to _____.

According to Freud,what is the most important stage in his theory?

Piaget is a cognitive constructivist theorist.Vygotsky is a _____.

Erikson's eighth and final stage of psychosocial development is _____.

Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory focuses on ____ that shape human development in the social environment.

What is Bronfenbrenner's term for the societal institutions that have indirect but potentially important influences on development (e.g.,schools,religious institutions,media)?

The total fertility rate (TFR)is defined as the number of ____.

When participants are provided with specific responses to choose from on a questionnaire,what type of format is being used?

The _____ theory emphasizes ecological and cultural aspects of the activities and settings of development.

Which of the following is true regarding population changes by country?

What term is used in the text to refer to the most affluent countries in the world?

Who was Doddy and how did Darwin study him?

According to Erikson,what is the developmental challenge during infancy?

The scientific method involves five basic steps: ____.

In an experiment,what group receives the treatment?

Observational methods have an advantage over questionnaires and interviews in that they involve _____.

Genetics and Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Child

Infancy

Toddlerhood

Early Childhood

Adolescence

Middle Childhood

Emerging Adulthood

Filters

Exam 1: A Cultural Approach to Child Development

Vygotsky felt that learning always took place _____.

Your professor hands you a sealed bag of potato chips and asks you to open the bag and take out two scoops of chips.The scoops of chips are analogous to _____.

When participants are allowed to state their responses following the questions,what type of format is being used?

The main distinction of the information-processing approach compared to Piaget's cognitive constructivist theory is that information processing approach views cognitive change as _____,whereas Piaget viewed it as _____.

Miller and colleagues (1995)showed the difference in mathematical performance in Chinese children and American children was likely due to _____.

According to Freud,what is the most important stage in his theory?

Piaget is a cognitive constructivist theorist.Vygotsky is a _____.

Erikson's eighth and final stage of psychosocial development is _____.

Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory focuses on ____ that shape human development in the social environment.

What is Bronfenbrenner's term for the societal institutions that have indirect but potentially important influences on development (e.g.,schools,religious institutions,media)?

The total fertility rate (TFR)is defined as the number of ____.

When participants are provided with specific responses to choose from on a questionnaire,what type of format is being used?

The _____ theory emphasizes ecological and cultural aspects of the activities and settings of development.

Which of the following is true regarding population changes by country?

What term is used in the text to refer to the most affluent countries in the world?

Who was Doddy and how did Darwin study him?

According to Erikson,what is the developmental challenge during infancy?

The scientific method involves five basic steps: ____.

In an experiment,what group receives the treatment?

Observational methods have an advantage over questionnaires and interviews in that they involve _____.

Genetics and Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Child

Infancy

Toddlerhood

Early Childhood

Adolescence

Middle Childhood

Emerging Adulthood

Filters

The main distinction of the information-processing approach compared to Piaget's cognitive constructivist theory is that information processing approach views cognitive change as _,whereas Piaget viewed it as _.