Question 1

Allergens differ from antigens because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  allergens are primarily plant derived while antigens are bacterial or viral in nature 
B)  allergens are only active seasonally and are generally harmless to the body 
C)  allergens do not involve the leucocytes, they simply stimulate the inflammatory response 
D)  allergens produce an abnormally large immune response to what is an otherwise harmless particle 
A)  allergens are primarily plant derived while antigens are bacterial or viral in nature 
B)  allergens are only active seasonally and are generally harmless to the body 
C)  allergens do not involve the leucocytes, they simply stimulate the inflammatory response 
D)  allergens produce an abnormally large immune response to what is an otherwise harmless particle

Question 2

Without the positive selection process in lymphocyte maturation ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  NK cells would be non-functional 
B)  monocytes would not be able to migrate into infected tissue and differentiate into macrophages 
C)  T-cells would not be able to properly bind to APC's and therefore not be activated by them 
D)  autoimmune diseases would be likely to result 
A)  NK cells would be non-functional 
B)  monocytes would not be able to migrate into infected tissue and differentiate into macrophages 
C)  T-cells would not be able to properly bind to APC's and therefore not be activated by them 
D)  autoimmune diseases would be likely to result

Question 3

Match the following:
-Third line of defense.

Accepted Answer

A) Intact skin and mucous membranes 
B) Inflammatory response and skin and mucous membranes 
C) Inflammatory response 
D) Immune response 
A) Intact skin and mucous membranes 
B) Inflammatory response and skin and mucous membranes 
C) Inflammatory response 
D) Immune response

Question 4

Match the following:
-Enables quick and efficient response to secondary exposure to antigen.

Accepted Answer

A) Regulatory T cell 
B) Memory cell 
C) Helper T cell 
D) B cell 
E) Cytotoxic T cell 
A) Regulatory T cell 
B) Memory cell 
C) Helper T cell 
D) B cell 
E) Cytotoxic T cell

Question 5

What are some of the drawbacks of passive humoral immunity?

Accepted Answer

The effects are short lived; i

Question 6

Interferons ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are routinely used in nasal sprays for the common cold 
B)  are virus-specific, so that an interferon produced against one virus could not protect cells against another virus 
C)  act by increasing the rate of cell division 
D)  interfere with viral replication within cells 
A)  are routinely used in nasal sprays for the common cold 
B)  are virus-specific, so that an interferon produced against one virus could not protect cells against another virus 
C)  act by increasing the rate of cell division 
D)  interfere with viral replication within cells

Question 7

Nursing care of a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)includes monitoring of T lymphocyte counts.Explain why.

Accepted Answer

The primary defect in patients with AIDS

Question 8

All of the following are true of the classical pathway of complement activation except one.Select the one answer that does not describe the classical pathway of complement activation.

Accepted Answer

A)  It is an example of overlap between innate and adaptive immune function. 
B)  Classical activation will result in enhanced inflammation, opsonization as well as formation of MAC proteins. 
C)  It requires that circulating antibodies are bound to antigens. 
D)  It activates T-helper cells by presenting antigen to them. 
A)  It is an example of overlap between innate and adaptive immune function. 
B)  Classical activation will result in enhanced inflammation, opsonization as well as formation of MAC proteins. 
C)  It requires that circulating antibodies are bound to antigens. 
D)  It activates T-helper cells by presenting antigen to them.

Question 9

B-lymphocytes are categorized as part of the adaptive branch of the immune system for all of the following reason but one.Which of the following is not one of the reasons B-lymphocytes are considered part of the adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their receptors will bind to only one antigen. 
B)  They are a first line of defense that can begin killing pathogens immediately. 
C)  They require costimulation from an activated T-helper cell. 
D)  They produce memory cells when activated. 
A)  Their receptors will bind to only one antigen. 
B)  They are a first line of defense that can begin killing pathogens immediately. 
C)  They require costimulation from an activated T-helper cell. 
D)  They produce memory cells when activated.

Question 10

Fever is often a beneficial immune response because it can speed the activities of leucocytes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

During inflammation fluids will passively diffuse out of blood vessels into the nearby,infected tissues.This implies all of the following except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  B-lymphocytes will differentiate to become plasma cells 
B)  the surrounding tissue will swell with excessive fluids 
C)  the osmolarity of the fluids surrounding infected tissue is higher than the plasma 
D)  nearby capillaries have become more permeable 
A)  B-lymphocytes will differentiate to become plasma cells 
B)  the surrounding tissue will swell with excessive fluids 
C)  the osmolarity of the fluids surrounding infected tissue is higher than the plasma 
D)  nearby capillaries have become more permeable

Question 12

Fever ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  production is regulated by chemicals that reset the body's thermostat to a higher setting 
B)  decreases the metabolic rate of the body to conserve energy 
C)  is a higher-than-normal body temperature that is always dangerous 
D)  causes the liver to release large amounts of iron, which seems to inhibit bacterial replication 
A)  production is regulated by chemicals that reset the body's thermostat to a higher setting 
B)  decreases the metabolic rate of the body to conserve energy 
C)  is a higher-than-normal body temperature that is always dangerous 
D)  causes the liver to release large amounts of iron, which seems to inhibit bacterial replication

Question 13

Viral infection will provoke cell mediated immunity but will not activate a humoral response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The antibody that becomes bound to mast cells and basophils and causes the cells to release histamine and other chemicals is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The antibody that becomes bound to mast...

Question 15

Innate immune system defenses include ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  T cells 
B)  B cells 
C)  plasma cells 
D)  phagocytosis 
A)  T cells 
B)  B cells 
C)  plasma cells 
D)  phagocytosis

Question 16

B cells must accomplish double recognition: They must simultaneously recognize self and nonself to be activated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following is associated with passive immunity?

Accepted Answer

A)  booster shot of vaccine 
B)  exposure to an antigen 
C)  infusion of weakened viruses 
D)  passage of IgG antibodies from a pregnant mother to her fetus 
A)  booster shot of vaccine 
B)  exposure to an antigen 
C)  infusion of weakened viruses 
D)  passage of IgG antibodies from a pregnant mother to her fetus

Question 18

Cytotoxic T cells ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  require the double recognition signal of class I MHC plus class II MHC on the target cell in order to function 
B)  self-destruct once the antigen has been neutralized 
C)  function mainly to stimulate the proliferation of other T cell populations 
D)  can directly attack and kill other cells of the body 
A)  require the double recognition signal of class I MHC plus class II MHC on the target cell in order to function 
B)  self-destruct once the antigen has been neutralized 
C)  function mainly to stimulate the proliferation of other T cell populations 
D)  can directly attack and kill other cells of the body

Question 19

Complement proteins and antibodies coat a microorganism and provide binding sites,enabling macrophages and neutrophils to phagocytize the organism.This phenomenon is termed ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  opsonization 
B)  agglutination 
C)  diapedesis 
D)  chemotaxis 
A)  opsonization 
B)  agglutination 
C)  diapedesis 
D)  chemotaxis

Question 20

Children born without a thymus must be kept in a germ-free environment if they are to survive.Explain why this is necessary.

Accepted Answer

If the thymus fails to develop

Exam 21: The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses

Allergens differ from antigens because ________.

Without the positive selection process in lymphocyte maturation ________.

Match the following: -Third line of defense.

Match the following: -Enables quick and efficient response to secondary exposure to antigen.

What are some of the drawbacks of passive humoral immunity?

Interferons ________.

Nursing care of a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)includes monitoring of T lymphocyte counts.Explain why.

All of the following are true of the classical pathway of complement activation except one.Select the one answer that does not describe the classical pathway of complement activation.

B-lymphocytes are categorized as part of the adaptive branch of the immune system for all of the following reason but one.Which of the following is not one of the reasons B-lymphocytes are considered part of the adaptive immunity?

Fever is often a beneficial immune response because it can speed the activities of leucocytes.

During inflammation fluids will passively diffuse out of blood vessels into the nearby,infected tissues.This implies all of the following except ________.

Fever ________.

Viral infection will provoke cell mediated immunity but will not activate a humoral response.

The antibody that becomes bound to mast cells and basophils and causes the cells to release histamine and other chemicals is ________.

Innate immune system defenses include ________.

B cells must accomplish double recognition: They must simultaneously recognize self and nonself to be activated.

Which of the following is associated with passive immunity?

Cytotoxic T cells ________.

Complement proteins and antibodies coat a microorganism and provide binding sites,enabling macrophages and neutrophils to phagocytize the organism.This phenomenon is termed ________.

Children born without a thymus must be kept in a germ-free environment if they are to survive.Explain why this is necessary.

The Human Body: an Orientation

Chemistry Comes Alive

Cells: the Living Units

Tissue: the Living Fabric

The Integumentary System

Bones and Skeletal Tissue

The Skeleton

Joints

Muscles and Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity

The Autonomic Nervous System

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

The Lymphatic System and Lymphoid Organs and Tissues

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Nutrition,metabolism,and Body Temperature Regulation

The Urinary System

Fluid,electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Pregnancy and Human Development

Heredity

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