Exam 15: Neurological System

Your patient with a cervical herniated disc presents with a weakened biceps reflex.The biceps reflex is a test of the following spinal nerves:

A 56-year-old woman brings her 78-year-old father to the emergency room.The patient complains that sometimes he can't think straight.His daughter reports that her father has been "tripping over his own feet" and has become incontinent of urine in the last few days.The patient's medications include an ACE inhibitor and beta blocker.On physical examination,vital signs are within normal limits,heart and lungs show no abnormalities,cranial nerves are intact,and sensation and muscle strength are normal.A mental status exam is normal.Imbalanced gait and a positive Romberg test are apparent.Which of the following are possible disorders?

Which of the following is a common trigger of migraine headache?

Spina bifida is a disorder that is associated with a headache syndrome caused by:

A 65-year-old male complains of a headache that feels "like a knife is cutting into his head." He also reports feeling right-sided scalp and facial pain and "seeing double" at times.He has a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia.His medications include beta blocker,statin drug,and an ACE inhibitor.On physical examination,you note palpable tenderness over the right side of the forehead.There are no neurological deficits.Vision is 20/20 with lenses.No weakness of extremities.CN II to XII are intact.The history corresponds to which of the following disorders?