Question 1

Inverse ratio ventilation (IRV)would be most useful for patients with which of the following illnesses?

Accepted Answer

A) Drug overdose 
B) Lobar pneumonia 
C) ARDS 
D) Polio 
A) Drug overdose 
B) Lobar pneumonia 
C) ARDS 
D) Polio C

Question 2

What is the primary response of the brain to severe ventilatory failure with respiratory acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Somnolence and potentially coma 
B) Excitement 
C) Depends on the PaO2 
D) Depends on the blood pressure 
A) Somnolence and potentially coma 
B) Excitement 
C) Depends on the PaO2 
D) Depends on the blood pressure A

Question 3

Your patient has a PaO2 of 39 mmHg.How would you classify this level of oxygenation?

Accepted Answer

A) Mild hypoxemia 
B) Moderate hypoxemia 
C) Severe hypoxemia 
D) Depends on the FIO2 
A) Mild hypoxemia 
B) Moderate hypoxemia 
C) Severe hypoxemia 
D) Depends on the FIO2 C

Question 4

Your patient has severe pneumonia and the blood gas measurements reveal a PaCO2 of 51 mmHg and a PaO2 of 55 mmHg.The patient is breathing with an air entrainment mask at an FIO2 of 0.60.What conclusion(s)can you reach?

Accepted Answer

A) The patient has ventilatory failure 
B) The patient has oxygenation failure 
C) The patient has respiratory failure 
D) All the above 
A) The patient has ventilatory failure 
B) The patient has oxygenation failure 
C) The patient has respiratory failure 
D) All the above

Question 5

Which of the following modes of therapy is most likely to be effective when the patient has hypoxemia due to physiologic shunting?

Accepted Answer

A) Simple oxygen mask 
B) Nasal cannula 
C) Air entrainment mask 
D) Positive pressure ventilation 
A) Simple oxygen mask 
B) Nasal cannula 
C) Air entrainment mask 
D) Positive pressure ventilation

Question 6

What mode of mechanical ventilation allows the patient to breathe spontaneous breaths between each mechanical breath?

Accepted Answer

A) Assist control mode 
B) IMV mode 
C) Control mode 
D) CPAP mode 
A) Assist control mode 
B) IMV mode 
C) Control mode 
D) CPAP mode

Question 7

Your patient has a long history of COPD with CO2 retention.He now is admitted for acute respiratory failure due to a lung infection.His PaCO2 has acutely elevated to over 70 mmHg.The physician decides to intubate and use mechanical ventilation.What should be your goal with the mechanical ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A) Return the PaCO2 to about 40 mmHg 
B) Return the PaCO2 to about 50 mmHg 
C) Lower the PaCO2 enough to return the pH to 7.35 
D) Lower the PaCO2 enough to return the pH to 7.50 
A) Return the PaCO2 to about 40 mmHg 
B) Return the PaCO2 to about 50 mmHg 
C) Lower the PaCO2 enough to return the pH to 7.35 
D) Lower the PaCO2 enough to return the pH to 7.50

Question 8

Your patient has COPD and has been told he has cor pulmonale.Which of the following findings is NOT consistent with this patient?

Accepted Answer

A) JVD 
B) Hepatomegaly 
C) Bradycardia 
D) Pedal edema 
A) JVD 
B) Hepatomegaly 
C) Bradycardia 
D) Pedal edema

Question 9

What would be the proper classification for a 70-year-old male with a PaO2 of 55 mmHg?

Accepted Answer

A) Mild hypoxemia 
B) Moderate hypoxemia 
C) Severe hypoxemia 
D) Depends on the FIO2 
A) Mild hypoxemia 
B) Moderate hypoxemia 
C) Severe hypoxemia 
D) Depends on the FIO2

Question 10

What causes hypoxemia that typically does not respond well to oxygen therapy?

Accepted Answer

A) Shunt 
B)    mismatching 
C) Hypoventilation 
D) None of the above 
A) Shunt 
B)    mismatching 
C) Hypoventilation 
D) None of the above

Question 11

Which of the following findings represents the body's compensatory mechanism for chronic hypoxemia?

Accepted Answer

A) Leukocytosis 
B) Hypokalemia 
C) Polycythemia 
D) Hypernatremia 
A) Leukocytosis 
B) Hypokalemia 
C) Polycythemia 
D) Hypernatremia

Question 12

What range is normally used for determining the appropriate tidal volume during initial mechanical ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A) 4-8 mL/kg of ideal body weight 
B) 5-10 mL/kg of ideal body weight 
C) 10-15 mL/lb of ideal body weight 
D) 10-15 mL/kg of actual body weight 
A) 4-8 mL/kg of ideal body weight 
B) 5-10 mL/kg of ideal body weight 
C) 10-15 mL/lb of ideal body weight 
D) 10-15 mL/kg of actual body weight

Question 13

Which of the following is least likely to be associated with ventilatory failure?

Accepted Answer

A) Neuromuscular disease 
B) Cervical spinal cord injury 
C) Drug overdose 
D) Pneumonia 
A) Neuromuscular disease 
B) Cervical spinal cord injury 
C) Drug overdose 
D) Pneumonia

Question 14

Your patient is being weaned using IMV.He appears to be tolerating the wean,but labors during the spontaneous breaths because the endotracheal tube is probably too small.What could be done to overcome this problem?

Accepted Answer

A) Increase the tidal volume during IMV breaths 
B) Add pressure support 
C) Increase the flow rate during the IMV breaths 
D) Give the patient a mild sedative 
A) Increase the tidal volume during IMV breaths 
B) Add pressure support 
C) Increase the flow rate during the IMV breaths 
D) Give the patient a mild sedative

Question 15

What is the primary problem with using IMV for weaning?

Accepted Answer

A) The work of breathing through the circuit 
B) Difficult to monitor lung function 
C) Time consuming 
D) Poor patient tolerance 
A) The work of breathing through the circuit 
B) Difficult to monitor lung function 
C) Time consuming 
D) Poor patient tolerance

Question 16

The patient with inadequate oxygenation of the brain will usually display what symptom(s)?

Accepted Answer

A) Confusion 
B) Excitement 
C) Diminished cognitive function 
D) A and C only 
A) Confusion 
B) Excitement 
C) Diminished cognitive function 
D) A and C only

Question 17

What clinical finding(s)is (are)consistent with diaphragm fatigue?

Accepted Answer

A) Tachypnea 
B) Respiratory alterans 
C) Abdominal paradox 
D) All the above 
A) Tachypnea 
B) Respiratory alterans 
C) Abdominal paradox 
D) All the above

Question 18

You are monitoring a patient during mechanical ventilation and the peak pressure is reaching 55 cm H20.What problem does this potentially cause?

Accepted Answer

A) Barotrauma 
B) Renal failure 
C) Hypertension 
D) Auto-PEEP 
A) Barotrauma 
B) Renal failure 
C) Hypertension 
D) Auto-PEEP

Question 19

What term is used to describe the condition of right heart failure due to chronic pulmonary hypertension?

Accepted Answer

A) Congestive heart failure 
B) Cor pulmonale 
C) Cardiac tamponade 
D) ARDS 
A) Congestive heart failure 
B) Cor pulmonale 
C) Cardiac tamponade 
D) ARDS

Question 20

What weaning parameter may be most useful because it evaluates the patient's breathing endurance as well as current pulmonary status?

Accepted Answer

A) Peak inspiratory pressure 
B) Vital capacity 
C) Rapid shallow breathing index 
D) Spontaneous respiratory rate 
A) Peak inspiratory pressure 
B) Vital capacity 
C) Rapid shallow breathing index 
D) Spontaneous respiratory rate

Inverse ratio ventilation (IRV)would be most useful for patients with which of the following illnesses?

What is the primary response of the brain to severe ventilatory failure with respiratory acidosis?

Your patient has a PaO₂ of 39 mmHg.How would you classify this level of oxygenation?

Your patient has severe pneumonia and the blood gas measurements reveal a PaCO₂of 51 mmHg and a PaO₂ of 55 mmHg.The patient is breathing with an air entrainment mask at an FIO₂of 0.60.What conclusion(s)can you reach?

Which of the following modes of therapy is most likely to be effective when the patient has hypoxemia due to physiologic shunting?

What mode of mechanical ventilation allows the patient to breathe spontaneous breaths between each mechanical breath?

Your patient has COPD and has been told he has cor pulmonale.Which of the following findings is NOT consistent with this patient?

What would be the proper classification for a 70-year-old male with a PaO₂ of 55 mmHg?

What causes hypoxemia that typically does not respond well to oxygen therapy?

Which of the following findings represents the body's compensatory mechanism for chronic hypoxemia?

What range is normally used for determining the appropriate tidal volume during initial mechanical ventilation?

Which of the following is least likely to be associated with ventilatory failure?

Your patient is being weaned using IMV.He appears to be tolerating the wean,but labors during the spontaneous breaths because the endotracheal tube is probably too small.What could be done to overcome this problem?

What is the primary problem with using IMV for weaning?

The patient with inadequate oxygenation of the brain will usually display what symptom(s)?

What clinical finding(s)is (are)consistent with diaphragm fatigue?

You are monitoring a patient during mechanical ventilation and the peak pressure is reaching 55 cm H₂0.What problem does this potentially cause?

What term is used to describe the condition of right heart failure due to chronic pulmonary hypertension?

What weaning parameter may be most useful because it evaluates the patient's breathing endurance as well as current pulmonary status?

Introduction to Patient Assessment

Asthma

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Cystic Fibrosis

Hemodynamic Monitoring and Shock

Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease

Heart Failure

Smoke Inhalation Injury and Burns

Near Drowning

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Chest Trauma

Postoperative Atelectasis

Interstitial Lung Disease

Neuromuscular Diseases

Bacterial Pneumonia

Pneumonia in the Immunocompromised Patient

Sleep Disordered Breathing

Tuberculosis

Lung Cancer

Filters

Exam 2: Introduction to Respiratory Failure

Inverse ratio ventilation (IRV)would be most useful for patients with which of the following illnesses?

What is the primary response of the brain to severe ventilatory failure with respiratory acidosis?

Your patient has a PaO2 of 39 mmHg.How would you classify this level of oxygenation?

Your patient has severe pneumonia and the blood gas measurements reveal a PaCO2 of 51 mmHg and a PaO2 of 55 mmHg.The patient is breathing with an air entrainment mask at an FIO2 of 0.60.What conclusion(s)can you reach?

Which of the following modes of therapy is most likely to be effective when the patient has hypoxemia due to physiologic shunting?

What mode of mechanical ventilation allows the patient to breathe spontaneous breaths between each mechanical breath?

Your patient has COPD and has been told he has cor pulmonale.Which of the following findings is NOT consistent with this patient?

What would be the proper classification for a 70-year-old male with a PaO2 of 55 mmHg?

What causes hypoxemia that typically does not respond well to oxygen therapy?

Which of the following findings represents the body's compensatory mechanism for chronic hypoxemia?

What range is normally used for determining the appropriate tidal volume during initial mechanical ventilation?

Which of the following is least likely to be associated with ventilatory failure?

Your patient is being weaned using IMV.He appears to be tolerating the wean,but labors during the spontaneous breaths because the endotracheal tube is probably too small.What could be done to overcome this problem?

What is the primary problem with using IMV for weaning?

The patient with inadequate oxygenation of the brain will usually display what symptom(s)?

What clinical finding(s)is (are)consistent with diaphragm fatigue?

You are monitoring a patient during mechanical ventilation and the peak pressure is reaching 55 cm H20.What problem does this potentially cause?

What term is used to describe the condition of right heart failure due to chronic pulmonary hypertension?

What weaning parameter may be most useful because it evaluates the patient's breathing endurance as well as current pulmonary status?

Introduction to Patient Assessment

Asthma

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Cystic Fibrosis

Hemodynamic Monitoring and Shock

Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease

Heart Failure

Smoke Inhalation Injury and Burns

Near Drowning

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Chest Trauma

Postoperative Atelectasis

Interstitial Lung Disease

Neuromuscular Diseases

Bacterial Pneumonia

Pneumonia in the Immunocompromised Patient

Sleep Disordered Breathing

Tuberculosis

Lung Cancer

Filters

Your patient has a PaO₂ of 39 mmHg.How would you classify this level of oxygenation?

Your patient has severe pneumonia and the blood gas measurements reveal a PaCO₂of 51 mmHg and a PaO₂ of 55 mmHg.The patient is breathing with an air entrainment mask at an FIO₂of 0.60.What conclusion(s)can you reach?

What would be the proper classification for a 70-year-old male with a PaO₂ of 55 mmHg?

You are monitoring a patient during mechanical ventilation and the peak pressure is reaching 55 cm H₂0.What problem does this potentially cause?