Question 1

Which of these elements plays a role in the stretch reflex?

Accepted Answer

A)  Muscle spindles 
B)  Extrafusal muscle fibers 
C)  Intrafusal muscle fibers 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Muscle spindles 
B)  Extrafusal muscle fibers 
C)  Intrafusal muscle fibers 
D)  All of the above D

Question 2

Stimulation of the motor cortex for __________ yields __________ and stimulation of the motor cortex for __________ yields _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  500 ms, twitches, 50 ms, postures 
B)  500 ms, postures, 50 ms, twitches 
C)  500 ms, twitches, 50 ms, twitches 
D)  500 ms, postures, 50 ms, postures 
A)  500 ms, twitches, 50 ms, postures 
B)  500 ms, postures, 50 ms, twitches 
C)  500 ms, twitches, 50 ms, twitches 
D)  500 ms, postures, 50 ms, postures B

Question 3

Cells that respond to the seen position of an external object relative to the hand or face are found in the

Accepted Answer

A)  Motor cortex 
B)  Cerebellum 
C)  Premotor cortex 
D)  Supplementary motor area SM
A)  
A)  Motor cortex 
B)  Cerebellum 
C)  Premotor cortex 
D)  Supplementary motor area SM
A)  C

Question 4

Schizophrenic patients who hear voices when no external voice sounds are present are most likely to have

Accepted Answer

A)  Super-normal hearing 
B)  Impaired connections between frontal and parietal regions 
C)  Impaired connections between Wernicke's and Broca's regions 
D)  Impaired connections between alpha and gamma motor neurons 
A)  Super-normal hearing 
B)  Impaired connections between frontal and parietal regions 
C)  Impaired connections between Wernicke's and Broca's regions 
D)  Impaired connections between alpha and gamma motor neurons

Question 5

Ataxia is

Accepted Answer

A)  The inability to control attacks 
B)  The inability to perform calculations 
C)  Poor balance, typically because of damage to the supplementary motor cortex 
D)  Poor balance, typically because of damage to the cerebellum 
A)  The inability to control attacks 
B)  The inability to perform calculations 
C)  Poor balance, typically because of damage to the supplementary motor cortex 
D)  Poor balance, typically because of damage to the cerebellum

Question 6

It is believed that plans for movements are generally housed in the left hemisphere of the brain. This is because

Accepted Answer

A)  Apraxia is more common in right hemiplegia than in left hemiplegia 
B)  Apraxia is more common in left hemiplegia than in right hemiplegia 
C)  Apraxia is equally common in right and left hemiplegia 
D)  The left hemisphere stores more information generally 
A)  Apraxia is more common in right hemiplegia than in left hemiplegia 
B)  Apraxia is more common in left hemiplegia than in right hemiplegia 
C)  Apraxia is equally common in right and left hemiplegia 
D)  The left hemisphere stores more information generally

Question 7

The inability to perform purposeful motor acts when the perceptual, cognitive, and motoric components of the acts are otherwise intact is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  Apraxia 
B)  Anarchic hand syndrome 
C)  Neglect 
D)  Huntington's disease 
A)  Apraxia 
B)  Anarchic hand syndrome 
C)  Neglect 
D)  Huntington's disease

Question 8

Whereas stretch receptors fire when muscles lengthen,

Accepted Answer

A)  Golgi tendon fire when muscles contract 
B)  Golgi tendon organs fire when muscles expand like a balloon 
C)  Golgi tendon organs fire only when muscles co-contract 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Golgi tendon fire when muscles contract 
B)  Golgi tendon organs fire when muscles expand like a balloon 
C)  Golgi tendon organs fire only when muscles co-contract 
D)  None of the above

Question 9

Within the motor cortex

Accepted Answer

A)  Neighboring regions of the body are represented by neighboring regions 
B)  Some regions of the body are more amply represented than other regions 
C)  Both a and b 
D)  Neither force nor direction of movement are represented 
A)  Neighboring regions of the body are represented by neighboring regions 
B)  Some regions of the body are more amply represented than other regions 
C)  Both a and b 
D)  Neither force nor direction of movement are represented

Question 10

Contrary to the servo theory of muscle activation,

Accepted Answer

A)  Intrafusal muscle fibers are generally activated before extrafusal muscle fibers are activated 
B)  Intrafusal muscle fibers and extrafusal muscle fibers are not really distinguishable 
C)  Intrafusal muscle fibers and extrafusal muscle fibers are generally activated simultaneously 
D)  Servo mechanisms are no longer thought to play any role in motor control 
A)  Intrafusal muscle fibers are generally activated before extrafusal muscle fibers are activated 
B)  Intrafusal muscle fibers and extrafusal muscle fibers are not really distinguishable 
C)  Intrafusal muscle fibers and extrafusal muscle fibers are generally activated simultaneously 
D)  Servo mechanisms are no longer thought to play any role in motor control

Question 11

Procedural knowledge is illustrated by _________ , whereas declarative knowledge is illustrated by ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Knowing that 2 times 2 equals 4, riding a bicycle 
B)  Not knowing that 2 times 2 equals 4, later knowing that 2 times 2 equals 4 
C)  Knowing that 2 times 2 equals 4, later not knowing that 2 times 2 equals 4 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Knowing that 2 times 2 equals 4, riding a bicycle 
B)  Not knowing that 2 times 2 equals 4, later knowing that 2 times 2 equals 4 
C)  Knowing that 2 times 2 equals 4, later not knowing that 2 times 2 equals 4 
D)  None of the above

Question 12

Two regions that are thought to play a role in skill learning are

Accepted Answer

A)  The caudate and putamen, neither of which occupies the basal ganglia 
B)  The caudate and putamen, both of which occupy the basal ganglia 
C)  The caudate, which occupies the basal ganglia, and the putamen, which does not 
D)  The putamen, which occupies the basal ganglia, and the caudate, which does not 
A)  The caudate and putamen, neither of which occupies the basal ganglia 
B)  The caudate and putamen, both of which occupy the basal ganglia 
C)  The caudate, which occupies the basal ganglia, and the putamen, which does not 
D)  The putamen, which occupies the basal ganglia, and the caudate, which does not

Question 13

Due to the strength of actin-myosin bridges at different muscle lengths, tension developed by muscle during active contraction is

Accepted Answer

A)  A U-shaped function of muscle length 
B)  An inverted U-shaped function of muscle length 
C)  An M-shaped function of muscle length 
D)  An inverted M-shaped function of muscle length 
A)  A U-shaped function of muscle length 
B)  An inverted U-shaped function of muscle length 
C)  An M-shaped function of muscle length 
D)  An inverted M-shaped function of muscle length

Question 14

The method used to obtain the Hoffman or H reflex is to

Accepted Answer

A)  Obtain functional magnetic resonance images fMRIs 
B)  Legion the corpus callosum 
C)  Legion regions where epileptic attacks originate 
D)  Stimulate sensory nerves and record the immediately ensuing electromyographic EMG activity, particularly when the participant is in different preparatory states 
A)  Obtain functional magnetic resonance images fMRIs 
B)  Legion the corpus callosum 
C)  Legion regions where epileptic attacks originate 
D)  Stimulate sensory nerves and record the immediately ensuing electromyographic EMG activity, particularly when the participant is in different preparatory states

Question 15

Which neural element in the following list could best called an element of "self-control"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Motor neuron 
B)  Tendon 
C)  Ia fiber 
D)  Renshaw cell 
A)  Motor neuron 
B)  Tendon 
C)  Ia fiber 
D)  Renshaw cell

Question 16

Patients with Parkinson's disease exhibit

Accepted Answer

A)  Shaking motion at rest resting tremor 
B)  Slow movement initiation akinesia 
C)  Slow movement execution bradykinesia 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Shaking motion at rest resting tremor 
B)  Slow movement initiation akinesia 
C)  Slow movement execution bradykinesia 
D)  All of the above

Question 17

A patient who consistently forgot to shave one side of his face would most likely have a legion in

Accepted Answer

A)  Broca's area 
B)  Wernicke's area 
C)  Penfield's area 
D)  Parietal cortex 
A)  Broca's area 
B)  Wernicke's area 
C)  Penfield's area 
D)  Parietal cortex

Question 18

The most basic element of motor control is

Accepted Answer

A)  A motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates, also known as a motor unit 
B)  A motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates, also known as a reflex arc 
C)  A motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates, also known as a long loop 
D)  None of the above 
A)  A motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates, also known as a motor unit 
B)  A motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates, also known as a reflex arc 
C)  A motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates, also known as a long loop 
D)  None of the above

Question 19

fMRI studies reveal that motor imagery is mainly associated with activity in the

Accepted Answer

A)  Basal ganglia 
B)  SMA 
C)  Parietal cortex 
D)  Nuclear bag fibers 
A)  Basal ganglia 
B)  SMA 
C)  Parietal cortex 
D)  Nuclear bag fibers

Question 20

Population coding

Accepted Answer

A)  Allows precise motor output despite broad tuning curves of individual neurons in the population 
B)  Allows only sloppy motor output, just like the broad tuning curves of individual neurons in the population 
C)  Represents the brain's responsiveness to the activity of only those neurons whose activation levels are in the top 20% 
D)  Represents the brain's responsiveness to the activity of only those neurons whose activation levels are in the top 50% 
A)  Allows precise motor output despite broad tuning curves of individual neurons in the population 
B)  Allows only sloppy motor output, just like the broad tuning curves of individual neurons in the population 
C)  Represents the brain's responsiveness to the activity of only those neurons whose activation levels are in the top 20% 
D)  Represents the brain's responsiveness to the activity of only those neurons whose activation levels are in the top 50%

Which of these elements plays a role in the stretch reflex?

Stimulation of the motor cortex for __ yields and stimulation of the motor cortex for yields _.

Cells that respond to the seen position of an external object relative to the hand or face are found in the

Schizophrenic patients who hear voices when no external voice sounds are present are most likely to have

Ataxia is

It is believed that plans for movements are generally housed in the left hemisphere of the brain. This is because

The inability to perform purposeful motor acts when the perceptual, cognitive, and motoric components of the acts are otherwise intact is known as

Whereas stretch receptors fire when muscles lengthen,

Within the motor cortex

Contrary to the servo theory of muscle activation,

Procedural knowledge is illustrated by _ , whereas declarative knowledge is illustrated by ___.

Two regions that are thought to play a role in skill learning are

Due to the strength of actin-myosin bridges at different muscle lengths, tension developed by muscle during active contraction is

The method used to obtain the Hoffman or H reflex is to

Which neural element in the following list could best called an element of "self-control"?

Patients with Parkinson's disease exhibit

A patient who consistently forgot to shave one side of his face would most likely have a legion in

The most basic element of motor control is

fMRI studies reveal that motor imagery is mainly associated with activity in the

Population coding

Introduction

Core Problems

Psychological Foundations

Walking

Looking

Reaching

Drawing and Writing

Keyboarding

Speaking and Singing

Smiling

Moving on

Filters

Exam 3: Physiological Foundations

Which of these elements plays a role in the stretch reflex?

Stimulation of the motor cortex for __________ yields __________ and stimulation of the motor cortex for __________ yields _________.

Cells that respond to the seen position of an external object relative to the hand or face are found in the

Schizophrenic patients who hear voices when no external voice sounds are present are most likely to have

Ataxia is

It is believed that plans for movements are generally housed in the left hemisphere of the brain. This is because

The inability to perform purposeful motor acts when the perceptual, cognitive, and motoric components of the acts are otherwise intact is known as

Whereas stretch receptors fire when muscles lengthen,

Within the motor cortex

Contrary to the servo theory of muscle activation,

Procedural knowledge is illustrated by _________ , whereas declarative knowledge is illustrated by ___________.

Two regions that are thought to play a role in skill learning are

Due to the strength of actin-myosin bridges at different muscle lengths, tension developed by muscle during active contraction is

The method used to obtain the Hoffman or H reflex is to

Which neural element in the following list could best called an element of "self-control"?

Patients with Parkinson's disease exhibit

A patient who consistently forgot to shave one side of his face would most likely have a legion in

The most basic element of motor control is

fMRI studies reveal that motor imagery is mainly associated with activity in the

Population coding

Introduction

Core Problems

Psychological Foundations

Walking

Looking

Reaching

Drawing and Writing

Keyboarding

Speaking and Singing

Smiling

Moving on

Filters

Stimulation of the motor cortex for __ yields and stimulation of the motor cortex for yields _.

Procedural knowledge is illustrated by _ , whereas declarative knowledge is illustrated by ___.