Exam 7: Information Technology in Surgerythe Cutting Edge

________________ is a robot that can be clamped on a patient's back.Doctors take a picture of where the spine surgery will take place and a computer plans the robot's path.

_______________ is system software required to connect the operating room hardware into a network that a surgeon can control with voice commands.

In the ____________________,images from all sources will be integrated and available to surgeons and other personnel displayed on one central screen.

Through a combination of hardware and software,a _______________ may be able to "see" via video devices and to "hear" through microphones using speech-recognition software.

_________________ using light energy can be used in surgery to cut,vaporize tumors,and seal small blood vessels.

________ is a robotic surgical system,which will make possible minimally invasive microsurgery.It has three interactive robotic arms,one of which holds the endoscope,whereas the other two manipulate the surgical instruments.

_______________ is a robot developed to perform stereotactic neurosurgical procedures.

One form of minimally invasive robotic surgery is called ________ surgery.It does NOT require incisions.It is also called natural orifice surgery.

____________ is used as an assistant in endoscopic procedures.It holds and moves the endoscope under the direction of the surgeon.

Currently in clinical trials __________Cardiovascular Valve Repair System is being used for the treatment of mitral valve regurgitation.

Much computer-assisted surgery is said to be _______________-directed;the surgeon looks at a monitor,NOT directly at the surgical field.

Distance (or _______________)surgery performed by robotic devices controlled by surgeons at another site has been successfully performed.

Much computer-aided surgery is ______________ invasive,performing surgery through small incisions.

_______________ is a computer-controlled,image-directed robot that performs its hip replacements.The FDA approved it in 2008.

Because much computer-assisted surgery is image-guided,software has been developed that enhances what the surgeon sees.This kind of surgery is called ________________ surgery.It makes use of computer-generated imagery to provide the surgeon with information that otherwise would be unavailable.

One form of minimally invasive robotic surgery is called ___________________ surgery.It does NOT require incisions.It is also called natural orifice surgery.

Minimally invasive heart surgery is now (2011)in clinical trials at 40 sites in the United States.It uses a device called ___________________,which is made of a special alloy and heart material from a pig.

Telepresence surgery (distance surgery)was first developed by _______________.

______________ or telepresence surgery performed by robotic devices controlled by surgeons at another site has been successfully performed.

________________ is a series of NASA missions in which groups of scientists live in Aquarius.