Exam 10: Other Public-Key Cryptosystems

The Diffie-Hellman key exchange formula for calculation of a secret key by User A is:

The Diffie-Hellman key exchange is a simple public-key algorithm.

A considerably larger key size can be used for ECC compared to RSA.

The addition operation in elliptic curve cryptography is the counterpart of modular multiplication in RSA,and multiple addition is the counterpart of __________ .

The principal attraction of __________,compared to RSA,is that it appears to offer equal security for a far smaller key size,thereby reducing processing overhead.

The __________ key exchange involves multiplying pairs of nonzero integers modulo a prime number q.Keys are generated by exponentiation over the group with exponentiation defined as repeated multiplication.

The key exchange protocol is vulnerable to a __________ attack because it does not authenticate the participants.

The security of ElGamal is based on the difficulty of computing discrete logarithms.

Most of the products and standards that use public-key cryptography for encryption and digital signatures use RSA.

Included in the definition of an elliptic curve is a single element denoted O and called the point at infinity or the __________ .

Eqa,b)is an elliptic curve with parameters a,b,and q,where _________ is a prime or an integer of the form 2m.

The Diffie-Hellman algorithm depends on the difficulty of computing discrete logarithms for its effectiveness.

Two families of elliptic curves are used in cryptographic applications: prime curves over Zp and __________ over GF2m).

A number of public-key ciphers are based on the use of an abelian group.

For a ___________ defined over GF2m),the variables and coefficients all take on values in GF2m)and in calculations are performed over GF2m).

____________ makes use of elliptic curves in which the variables and coefficients are all restricted to elements of a finite field.

__________ are best for software applications.

Elliptic curves are ellipses.

__________ can be used to develop a variety of elliptic curve cryptography schemes.

If a secret key is to be used as a _________ for conventional encryption a single number must be generated.