Question 1

(a) What is "White's Illusion"?
(b) Discuss why this can't be explained by lateral inhibition, and what mechanism has been proposed to explain this illusion.

Accepted Answer

(a) White's Illusion is a visual illusio

Question 2

The results of experiments of selective adaptation to gratings with specific orientations can be related to the __________ of ________ cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  lateral inhibition; simple cortical 
B)  lateral inhibition; end-stopped 
C)  tuning curves; amacrine 
D)  tuning curves; simple cortical 
A)  lateral inhibition; simple cortical 
B)  lateral inhibition; end-stopped 
C)  tuning curves; amacrine 
D)  tuning curves; simple cortical

Question 3

A stimulus that contains alternating black and white bars is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  grating. 
B)  grid. 
C)  Boolean array. 
D)  Moire pattern. 
A)  grating. 
B)  grid. 
C)  Boolean array. 
D)  Moire pattern.

Question 4

White's illusion is an example of a perceptual effect that can be explained by the principle of

Accepted Answer

A)  belongingness. 
B)  lateral inhibition. 
C)  spatial summation. 
D)  convergence. 
A)  belongingness. 
B)  lateral inhibition. 
C)  spatial summation. 
D)  convergence.

Question 5

Finding the neural correlate of consciousness is related to the

Accepted Answer

A)  easy problem of consciousness. 
B)  hard problem of consciousness. 
C)  easy problem of reductionism. 
D)  hard problem of reductionism. 
A)  easy problem of consciousness. 
B)  hard problem of consciousness. 
C)  easy problem of reductionism. 
D)  hard problem of reductionism.

Question 6

Unlike simple cells, complex cells respond best to

Accepted Answer

A)  stationary spots of light. 
B)  small spots of light. 
C)  moving stimuli. 
D)  stationary lines of any orientation. 
A)  stationary spots of light. 
B)  small spots of light. 
C)  moving stimuli. 
D)  stationary lines of any orientation.

Question 7

A neuron with an excitatory center- inhibitory surround receptive field will respond most when we stimulate

Accepted Answer

A)  only the center. 
B)  only the surround. 
C)  both the center and surround together. 
D)  part of the surround. 
A)  only the center. 
B)  only the surround. 
C)  both the center and surround together. 
D)  part of the surround.

Question 8

As we travel farther from the retina, neurons fire to

Accepted Answer

A)  more complex stimuli. 
B)  less complex stimuli. 
C)  more intense stimuli. 
D)  less intense stimuli. 
A)  more complex stimuli. 
B)  less complex stimuli. 
C)  more intense stimuli. 
D)  less intense stimuli.

Question 9

To measure _________, the experimenter decreases the intensity difference between the light bars and the dark bars until an observer can just barely detect the difference between the dark bars and the light bars.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mach bands 
B)  contrast threshold 
C)  phase continuity 
D)  brightness constancy 
A)  Mach bands 
B)  contrast threshold 
C)  phase continuity 
D)  brightness constancy

Question 10

You can create a version of the ________ by illuminating a light-colored surface with a desk lamp and casting a shadow with a piece of paper.

Accepted Answer

A)  Hermann Grid 
B)  Mach bands 
C)  Benary Cross 
D)  illusory square 
A)  Hermann Grid 
B)  Mach bands 
C)  Benary Cross 
D)  illusory square

Question 11

Hartline et al. (1956) selected the Limulus to demonstrate lateral inhibition because

Accepted Answer

A)  it was possible to illuminate a single receptor without illuminating its adjacent receptor. 
B)  it was a non-verbal species. 
C)  the Limulus eye contained more cones than rods. 
D)  the Limulus has excellent color vision. 
A)  it was possible to illuminate a single receptor without illuminating its adjacent receptor. 
B)  it was a non-verbal species. 
C)  the Limulus eye contained more cones than rods. 
D)  the Limulus has excellent color vision.

Question 12

When you stare at a grating of wide bars for 55 seconds, then look at a grating with narrow bars, the narrow bars will

Accepted Answer

A)  seem to be thinner than they actually are. 
B)  seem to be wider that they actually are. 
C)  seem to change orientation. 
D)  be unaffected by the adaptation period. 
A)  seem to be thinner than they actually are. 
B)  seem to be wider that they actually are. 
C)  seem to change orientation. 
D)  be unaffected by the adaptation period.

Question 13

Describe the procedure involved in mapping receptive fields.

Accepted Answer

Mapping receptive fields involves identi

Question 14

Describe how information would be represented under each of the following representational schemes: specificity coding, distributed coding, and sparse coding.

Accepted Answer

In specificity coding, information is re

Question 15

In Hermann's grid, gray areas appear at the intersections because

Accepted Answer

A)  the amount of inhibition right at the intersections is twice as great as the inhibition between each square. 
B)  the amount of inhibition right at the intersections is much less than the inhibition between each square. 
C)  the superior colliculus responds maximally as you move your eye from intersection to intersection. 
D)  moving the eye creates a blur at all the intersections. 
A)  the amount of inhibition right at the intersections is twice as great as the inhibition between each square. 
B)  the amount of inhibition right at the intersections is much less than the inhibition between each square. 
C)  the superior colliculus responds maximally as you move your eye from intersection to intersection. 
D)  moving the eye creates a blur at all the intersections.

Question 16

When a kitten is exposed to an environment of just horizontal lines, the kitten

Accepted Answer

A)  would pay attention only to vertical lines. 
B)  would pay attention only to horizontal lines. 
C)  would have cortical cells that only respond to vertical lines. 
D)  would have cortical cells that respond to horizontal lines, but none to vertical lines. 
A)  would pay attention only to vertical lines. 
B)  would pay attention only to horizontal lines. 
C)  would have cortical cells that only respond to vertical lines. 
D)  would have cortical cells that respond to horizontal lines, but none to vertical lines.

Question 17

The area on the retina that influences the firing rate of the neuron is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  receptive field. 
B)  amacrine region. 
C)  divergence area. 
D)  inverted fovea. 
A)  receptive field. 
B)  amacrine region. 
C)  divergence area. 
D)  inverted fovea.

Question 18

Quioroga et al. (2005) studied sensory coding by

Accepted Answer

A)  ablation of the IT in humans. 
B)  ablation of the FFA in humans. 
C)  using implanted electrodes in the limbic system of college student volunteers. 
D)  using implanted electrodes in the temporal lobe of epileptic patients. 
A)  ablation of the IT in humans. 
B)  ablation of the FFA in humans. 
C)  using implanted electrodes in the limbic system of college student volunteers. 
D)  using implanted electrodes in the temporal lobe of epileptic patients.

Question 19

The gray intersections in the Hermann Grid

Accepted Answer

A)  are physically present. 
B)  are explained by dark adaptation. 
C)  support the claim that "perception is not the same as the physical stimulus." 
D)  are best explained by feature detectors. 
A)  are physically present. 
B)  are explained by dark adaptation. 
C)  support the claim that "perception is not the same as the physical stimulus." 
D)  are best explained by feature detectors.

Question 20

(a) Describe the difference between simple cortical cells, complex cortical cells, and end-stopped cells.
(b) Explain why these cells are called "feature detectors."

Accepted Answer

(a) The difference between simple cortic

(a) What is "White's Illusion"? (b) Discuss why this can't be explained by lateral inhibition, and what mechanism has been proposed to explain this illusion.

The results of experiments of selective adaptation to gratings with specific orientations can be related to the __ of cells.

A stimulus that contains alternating black and white bars is called a

White's illusion is an example of a perceptual effect that can be explained by the principle of

Finding the neural correlate of consciousness is related to the

Unlike simple cells, complex cells respond best to

A neuron with an excitatory center- inhibitory surround receptive field will respond most when we stimulate

As we travel farther from the retina, neurons fire to

To measure _________, the experimenter decreases the intensity difference between the light bars and the dark bars until an observer can just barely detect the difference between the dark bars and the light bars.

You can create a version of the ________ by illuminating a light-colored surface with a desk lamp and casting a shadow with a piece of paper.

Hartline et al. (1956) selected the Limulus to demonstrate lateral inhibition because

When you stare at a grating of wide bars for 55 seconds, then look at a grating with narrow bars, the narrow bars will

Describe the procedure involved in mapping receptive fields.

Describe how information would be represented under each of the following representational schemes: specificity coding, distributed coding, and sparse coding.

In Hermann's grid, gray areas appear at the intersections because

When a kitten is exposed to an environment of just horizontal lines, the kitten

The area on the retina that influences the firing rate of the neuron is called the

Quioroga et al. (2005) studied sensory coding by

The gray intersections in the Hermann Grid

(a) Describe the difference between simple cortical cells, complex cortical cells, and end-stopped cells. (b) Explain why these cells are called "feature detectors."

Introduction to Perception

The Beginnings of Perception

Cortical Organization

Perceiving Objects and Scenes

Visual Attention

Taking Action

Perceiving Motion

Perceiving Color

Perceiving Depth and Size

Hearing

Auditory Localization and Organization

Speech Perception

The Cutaneous Senses

The Chemical Senses

Filters

Exam 3: Neural Processing and Perception

(a) What is "White's Illusion"? (b) Discuss why this can't be explained by lateral inhibition, and what mechanism has been proposed to explain this illusion.

The results of experiments of selective adaptation to gratings with specific orientations can be related to the __________ of ________ cells.

A stimulus that contains alternating black and white bars is called a

White's illusion is an example of a perceptual effect that can be explained by the principle of

Finding the neural correlate of consciousness is related to the

Unlike simple cells, complex cells respond best to

A neuron with an excitatory center- inhibitory surround receptive field will respond most when we stimulate

As we travel farther from the retina, neurons fire to

To measure _________, the experimenter decreases the intensity difference between the light bars and the dark bars until an observer can just barely detect the difference between the dark bars and the light bars.

You can create a version of the ________ by illuminating a light-colored surface with a desk lamp and casting a shadow with a piece of paper.

Hartline et al. (1956) selected the Limulus to demonstrate lateral inhibition because

When you stare at a grating of wide bars for 55 seconds, then look at a grating with narrow bars, the narrow bars will

Describe the procedure involved in mapping receptive fields.

Describe how information would be represented under each of the following representational schemes: specificity coding, distributed coding, and sparse coding.

In Hermann's grid, gray areas appear at the intersections because

When a kitten is exposed to an environment of just horizontal lines, the kitten

The area on the retina that influences the firing rate of the neuron is called the

Quioroga et al. (2005) studied sensory coding by

The gray intersections in the Hermann Grid

(a) Describe the difference between simple cortical cells, complex cortical cells, and end-stopped cells. (b) Explain why these cells are called "feature detectors."

Introduction to Perception

The Beginnings of Perception

Cortical Organization

Perceiving Objects and Scenes

Visual Attention

Taking Action

Perceiving Motion

Perceiving Color

Perceiving Depth and Size

Hearing

Auditory Localization and Organization

Speech Perception

The Cutaneous Senses

The Chemical Senses

Filters

The results of experiments of selective adaptation to gratings with specific orientations can be related to the __ of cells.